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Anatomy & Physiology II > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

Learn the specific hormones, where they originate from, their major function and their chemical structure. (100 cards)

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1
Q

What is the major function of Secretin?

A

Stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to release bicarbonate and water.

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2
Q

Which gland secretes Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the major function of Norepinephrine/Epinephrine?

A

Same effects as sympathetic stimulation.

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4
Q

What is the major function of Progesterone?

A

Stimulates secretion of “uterine milk” by the uterine endometrial glands and promotes development of secretory apparatus of breasts.

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5
Q

What is the major function of Erythropoietin?

A

Increases erythrocyte production.

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6
Q

What is the function of Growth Hormone?

A

Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues.

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7
Q

What is the chemical structure of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol?

A

Steroid

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8
Q

What is the chemical structure of Testosterone?

A

Steroid

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9
Q

What is the chemical structure of Prolactin?

A

Peptide

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10
Q

Which gland releases Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Which gland secretes Corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH)?

A

Hyopthalamus

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12
Q

What is the chemical structure of Norepinephrine/Epinephrine?

A

Amine

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13
Q

What is the major function of Estrogen?

A

Promotes growth and development of female reproductive system, female breasts, and female secondary sexual characteristics.

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14
Q

What is the major function of Oxytocin?

A

Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions.

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15
Q

What is the major function of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes; stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries.

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16
Q

Which gland releases Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which gland releases Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)?

A

Posterior Pituitary

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18
Q

Which gland releases Norepinephrine/Epinephrine?

A

Adrenal Medulla (Kidneys)

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19
Q

What is the major function of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH?

A

Causes growth of follicle in the ovaries and sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes.

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20
Q

Which gland releases Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

A

Placenta

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21
Q

What is the major function of Atrial natriurectice peptide (ANP)?

A

Increases sodium excretion by kidneys, reduces blood pressure.

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22
Q

What is the chemical structure of Thyroxine?

A

Amine

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23
Q

What is the chemical structure of Estrogen?

A

Steroid

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24
Q

Which gland releases Thyroxine?

A

Thyroid

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25
Which gland releases Luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Anterior Pituitary
26
What is the chemical structure of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Peptide
27
What is the chemical structure of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Peptide
28
Which gland releases Erythropoietin?
Kidneys
29
What is the major function of Gastrin?
Stimulates HCl secretion by parietal cells.
30
What is the major function of Aldosterone?
Increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and hydrogen ion secretion.
31
What chemical structure is Corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH) classified as?
Peptide
32
Which gland releases Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Anterior Pituitary
33
Which gland/tissue releases Atrial natriurectice peptide (ANP)?
Heart
34
What is the chemical structure of Erythropoietin?
Peptide
35
Which gland/tissue releases Secretin?
Small Intestine
36
Which gland/tissue releases Gastrin?
Stomach
37
What is the chemical structure for Cholecystokinin (CKK)?
Peptide
38
Which gland releases Growth Hormone?
Anterior Pituitary
39
Which gland releases Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)?
Hypothalamus
40
What is the chemical structure of Leptin?
Peptide
41
What is the chemical structure of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH?
Peptide
42
What is the major function of Corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH)?
Causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
43
What is the major function of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)?
Increases water reabsorption by the kidneys (ADH) and causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure (vasopressin).
44
What is the major function of Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?
Causes release of growth hormone.
45
Which chemical structure is Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) classified as?
Peptide
46
What is the major function of Cortisol?
Has multiple metabolic functions for controlling metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; also has anti-inflammatory effects.
47
Which gland releases Prolactin?
Anterior Pituitary
48
What is the major function of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
49
What is the chemical structure of Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)?
Amine
50
What is the chemical structure of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Peptide
51
What gland/tissue releases Cholecystokinin (CKK)?
Small Intestine
52
Which gland releases Insulin?
Pancreas
53
Which gland releases Progesterone?
Ovaries/Placenta
54
What is the chemical structure of Progesterone?
Steroid
55
What is the chemical structure of Oxytocin?
Peptide
56
What is the major function of the Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Controls serum calcium ion concentration by increasing calcium absorption by the gut and kidneys and releasing calcium from bones.
57
What is the chemical structure of Secretin?
Peptide
58
Which gland releases Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Parathyroid (duh)
59
What is the chemical structure of Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)?
Peptide.
60
What is the major function of Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)?
Inhibits release of prolactin.
61
Which gland releases Testosterone?
Testes in males. Adrenal Cortex (Kidneys) in small amounts in males and females.
62
Which gland releases Human somatomammotropin?
Placenta
63
What chemical structure is Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) classified as?
Peptide
64
What is the major function of Insulin?
Promotes glucose entry in many cells, and in this way controls carbohydrate metabolism.
65
Which gland releases Estrogen?
Ovaries/Placenta
66
Which gland releases Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Anterior Pituitary
67
What is the major function of Cholecystokinin (CKK)?
Stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes.
68
Which gland releases Aldosterone?
Adrenal Cortex (Kidneys)
69
What is the major function of Testosterone?
Promotes development of male reproductive system and male secondary sexual characteristics.
70
What is the chemical structure of Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?
Peptide
71
What is the major function of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone)
72
What is the chemical structure of Aldosterone?
Steroid
73
Which gland releases Calcitonin?
Thyroid
74
What is the major function of Calcitonin?
Promotes deposition of calcium in the bones and decreases extracellular fluid calcium ion concentration.
75
Which gland releases 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol?
Kidneys
76
What is the major function of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol?
Increases intestinal absorption of calcium and bone mineralization.
77
Which gland releases Cortisol?
Adrenal Cortex (Kidneys)
78
Which gland releases Oxytocin?
Posterior Pituitary
79
What is the chemical structure of Calcitonin?
Peptide
80
What is the chemical structure of Cortisol?
Steroid
81
What is the major function of Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?
Promotes growth of corpus luteum and secretion of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum.
82
What is the major function of Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)?
Inhibits release of growth hormone.
83
What is the chemical structure of Growth Hormone?
Peptide
84
What is the major function of Leptin?
Inhibits appetite, stimulates thermogenesis.
85
What is the major function of Prolactin?
Promotes development of the female breasts and secretion of milk
86
What is the major function of Human somatomammotropin?
Probably helps promote development of some fetal tissues as well as the mother's breasts.
87
Which gland releases Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)?
Hypothalamus
88
What is the major function of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin.
89
Which gland releases Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH?
Anterior Pituitary
90
Which gland releases Glucagon?
Pancreas
91
What is the chemical structure of Gastrin?
Peptide
92
What is the major function of Glucagon?
Increase synthesis and release of glucose from the liver into the body fluids.
93
What is the major function of Thyroxine?
Increases the rates of chemical reactions in most cells, thus increasing body metabolic rate.
94
Which cells/tissue release Leptin?
Adipocytes
95
What is the chemical structure of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH?
Peptide
96
What is the major function of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH?
Causes release of LH and FSH.
97
What is the chemical structure of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)?
Peptide
98
What is the chemical structure of Insulin?
Peptide
99
What is the chemical structure of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Peptide
100
What is the chemical structure of Glucagon?
Peptide

Anatomy & Physiology II (1 decks)

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