Hormones Flashcards
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that secrete chemicals or hormones directly into the bloodstream.
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that secrete chemicals through ducts into organs or to the surface of the body.
How is the pancreas endocrine and exocrine?
Islets of Langerhan secrete hormones into blood vessels.
Acinar cells secrete pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic duct.
What hormone does the adrenal gland produce?
Adrenaline
What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine. Controlling the rate of metabolism.
What hormone does the pancreas produce?
Insulin. Converts access glucose into glycogen in the liver.
What type of hormone is adrenaline?
Non Steroid
How do Non Steroid hormones affect cells?
- Hormone binds with complementary receptor in the membrane.
- Second messengers cause a cascade reaction to occur.
How do Steroid hormones affect cells?
- The lipid soluble steroid hormone passes through the membrane.
- The hormone binds with a receptor protein in the cytoplasm.
- Forms hormone-receptor complex.
- Hormone receptor complex attached to DNA
What is the action of adrenaline causing body hairs to erect?
Make animals appear larger.
What affect does adrenaline have on the eyes?
Dilates pupils allowing more light to enter eye. - Better identification of threat
What affect does adrenaline have on the lungs?
Relaxed smooth muscle in the bronchioles. Allows for faster delivery of oxygen to alveoli
What affect does adrenaline have on the gut?
Inhibits action of the gut. Redirects blood flow to muscles
What hormones does the Cortex of the Adrenal Gland produce?
glucorticoids mineralocorticoids androgens oestrogen cortisol progesteron aldosterone
What is the Adrenal Gland cortex?
The area in the centre of the adrenal gland
