Hormones

Question 1

what are hormones?

Answer 1

chemical messengers sent in the blood to controls things in organs and cells

Question 2

How are hormones produced?

Answer 2

produced and secreted by various glands called endocrine glands

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

produces hormones that regulate body conditions

direct glands to release hormones that bring about change

Question 4

Ovaries

Answer 4

produce oestrogen

Question 5

Testes

Answer 5

produce testosterone

Question 6

what does testosterone do?

Answer 6

controls puberty and sperm production

Question 7

thyroid gland

Answer 7

produced thyroxine

Question 8

what does thyroxine do?

Answer 8

regulates things like rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

Question 9

adrenal glands

Answer 9

produce adrenaline

Question 10

pancreas

Answer 10

produced insulin which regulates blood sugar levels

Question 11

Neurones features

Answer 11

very fast action
act for short period of time
act on precise area

Question 12

Hormones features

Answer 12

slower action
act for long period of time
act in a more general way

Question 13

what does adrenaline do?

Answer 13

prepares body to either face the threat or run away

Question 14

How does adrenaline do its job?

Answer 14

activating processes that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells

Question 15

How does the body prepare for action?

Answer 15

the brain sends nervous impulses of the adrenal glands which respond by secreting adrenaline

Question 16

what is negative feedback?

Answer 16

when the body detects that a substance has gone above or below the normal level it triggers a response to get it back to normal

Question 17

Menstrual cycle stage one

Answer 17

the lining of the uterus breaks down

Question 18

Menstrual cycle stage two

Answer 18

from day 4 to 14 the uterus lining is repaired so the egg can implant there

Question 19

Menstrual cycle stage three

Answer 19

On day 14 an egg is developed and released from ovary

Question 20

Menstrual cycle stage four

Answer 20

The lining is maintained til around day 28 and if no egg is on the uterus wall it breaks down again

Question 21

where is FSH realised from?

Answer 21

pituitary gland

Question 22

FSH function

Answer 22

causes a follicle to mature in ovaries

stimulates oestrogen production

Question 23

Oestrogen function

Answer 23

causes lining of uterus to thicken and grow

stimulates an LH increase

Question 24

where is LH released from?

Answer 24

pituitary gland

Question 25

LH function

Answer 25

stimulates ovulation at day 14 | stimulates follicle to develop into corpus luteum

Question 26

what does corpus luteum secret?

Answer 26

progesterone

Question 27

Progesterone function

Answer 27

maintains lining of uterus | inhibits release of FSH and LH

Question 28

what happens if there is a low level of progesterone?

Answer 28

lining of uterus breaks down as low level of oestrogen | allows FSH to increase so cycle begins again

Question 29

Clonifene Therapy

Answer 29

causes more FSH and LH to be released to stimulate egg maturation

Question 30

What does clomifene therapy allow?

Answer 30

to know when a women will be ovulating so a couple can have intercourse at that time

Question 31

IVF

Answer 31

collecting a women’s egg and fertilising them in a lab then placing them back in a women’s uterus as an embryo

Question 32

why is FSH and LH given in IVF?

Answer 32

to stimulate egg production

Question 33

how does oestrogen prevent pregnancy?

Answer 33

by taking it every day it inhibits the production of FSH and stops every development and production

Question 34

how does progesterone prevent pregnancy?

Answer 34

reduces fertility by stimulating production of thick cervical mucus to prevent any sperm reaching the egg

Question 35

which contraception methods contain oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 35

combined pull | contraceptive patch

Question 36

which contraceptives contain progesterone?

Answer 36

mini pill | contraceptive injection

Question 37

disadvantages of hormonal methods

Answer 37

unpleasant side effects | don’t protect against sexually transmitted diseases

Question 38

advantages of hormonal methods

Answer 38

prevent pregnancy | don’t have to think every time you have sex

Question 39

what is homeostasis?

Answer 39

maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 40

Examples of homeostasis

Answer 40

Blood glucose regulation osmoregulation thermoregulation

Question 41

type one diabetes

Answer 41

where the pancreas produces little or no insulin

Question 42

treatments for type 1 diabetes

Answer 42

injecting insulin regular exercise limiting intake of food of simple carbohydrates

Question 43

type two diabetes

Answer 43

where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body becomes resistant

Question 44

treatments for type 2 diabetes

Answer 44

healthy diet exercise regularly insulin injections