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Anatomy and Phisiology II > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Epinephrine

A

Source: Adrenal Medulla
Targets: Many
Stimulates and Coordinates fight/fright/flight response
Regulation of Release: stimulated by physical or perceived stress

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2
Q

Insulin

A

Source: Pancreas
Targets: Most body cells and liver
Lowers blood glucose
Regulations of Release: Blood Glucose Levels

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3
Q

Glucagon

A

Source: Pancreas
Targets: Liver, Muscles and Adipose Tissue
Raises Blood Glucose
Regulation of Release: Blood Glucose Levels

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4
Q

Glucose-dependent Insulintropic Peptide (GIP)

A

Source: Small Intestine
Targets: pancreas
Increases insulin release in response to blood glucose
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by presence of chime in small intestine

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5
Q

Ghrelin* also has a role in digestion

A

Source: Stomach
Targets: Brain
Increase hunger when stomach is empty and stimulates GH release from the pituitary; increases intestinal motility
Regulation of Release: Full stomach inhibits release; may be regulated by sleep and the biological clock

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6
Q

Thyroid Hormone T3 and T4

A

Source: Thyroid Gland
Targets: Most Body Cells
Increases metabolism, particularly ATP producton and Sodium (NAK) pump activity
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by TSH

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7
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary
Targets: Thyroid gland
Causes synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
Regulation of Release: TRH stimulates and thyroid hormones inhibits

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8
Q

TSH-releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Source: Hypothalamus
Targets: Anterior pituitary
Causes release of TSH and can cause release of PRL
Regulation of Release: Other brain areas; low body temps increase and thyroid hormone inhibits

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9
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary
Targets: Liver, muscles, and bones; most cells
Directly and via somatomedins causes growth
Regulation of Release: GHRH stimulates and GHRIH inhibits

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10
Q

Somatomedins (IGF)

A

Source: Liver, Cartilage, muscle
Targets: Long bones, skeletal muscle
Causes growth
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by GH

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11
Q

GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) somatocrinin

A

Source: Hypothalamus
Targets: Anterior pituitary
Increases growth hormone release
Regulation of Release: Other brain areas; sleep and hypoglycemia

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12
Q

GH-release inhibiting hormone (GHRIH); somatostatin

A

Source: Hypothalamus
Targets: Anterior Pituitary
Decreases GH release and also decrease TSH release
Regulation of Release: other brain areas

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13
Q

Cortisol

A

Source: Adrenal Cortex
Targets: Liver, adipose tissue, muscle
Raises blood glucose levels
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by ACTH

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14
Q

Adrenocoritcotropin (ACTH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary
Targets: Adrenal Cortex
Increase synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids
Regulation of Release: CRH stimulates; glucocorticoids inhibits

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15
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

A

Source: Hypothalamus
Targets: Anterior pituitary
Causes release of ACTH
Regulation of Release: Other brain areas and negative feedback by cortisol and ACTH

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16
Q

Leptin

A

Source: Adipocytes
Targets: Brain
Increase satiety and decrease hunger to decrease caloric intake
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by level of fat storage in adipocytes

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17
Q

Adiponectin

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A

Source: Adipocytes
Targets: Many Targets
Appears to increase insulin effects (sensitivity); anti-inflammatory and anti-arthrogenic
Regulation of Release: triglyceride (fat) storage inhibits release; inflammation may inhibit release also

18
Q

Osteocalcin

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A

Source: Bone (osteoblasts)
Targets: Pancreas
Increases insulin release; increases insulin sensitivity; adipocytes - decreases adiponectin and fat; may increase testosterone production by testis
Regulation of Release: Sympathetic innervation reduces release; bone remodeling stimulates

19
Q

Erythropoietin

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A

Source: Kidney
Targets: Bone Marrow
Stimulates RBC production
Regulation of Release: Lack of Oxygen (hypoxia)

20
Q

Hepcidin

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A

Source: Liver
Targets: Intestines
Reduces iron absorption
Regulation of Release: increased by inflammation and iron

21
Q

Gastrin

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A

Source: Stomach
Targets: Stomach
Stimulates gastric motility and HCI secretion
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by presence of food in the stomach or thoughts and smells of foods

22
Q

Secretin

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A

Source: Small Intestine
Targets: Pancreas and Liver
Increases HCO3 secretion and potentiates CCK actions at pancreas and liver
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by presence of chime in small intestine

23
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

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A

Source: Small Intestine
Targets: Pancreas, liver, and Gall bladder
Increases pancreatic enzyme secretion; causes gall bladder contraction and bile synthesis and secretion; potentiates secretin activity
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by presence of chime in small intestine

24
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

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A

Source: Small Intestine
Targets: Small Intestine
Increases secretion of electrolytes and smooth muscle relaxation; may cause vasodilation in local area
Regulation of Release: Stimulated by presence of chime in small intestine

25
Oxytocin
Source: Posterior Pituitary Targets: Breasts - milk let down Urogenital tract; uterine contractions at parturition, released during orgasm Regulation of Release: Sucking of infant on breast; dilation of cervix; other neural stimuli
26
Prolactin (PRL)
Source: Anterior pituitary Targets: Breasts increased milk production Regulation of Release: gonadal steroids and lactation
27
Dopamine
Source: Hypothalamus Targets: Anterior pituitary Inhibits PRL release Regulation of Release: Higher brain centers
28
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary Targets: Gonads Causes germ cell maturation and hormone synthesis in the gonads Regulation of Release: GnRH stimulates; gonadal hormones inhibits
29
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary Targets: Gonads Causes germ cell maturation and steroid synthesis Regulation of Release: GnRH stimulates; gonadal steroids inhibit
30
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Source: Hypothalamus Targets: Anterior pituitary Causes LH and FSH synthesis and release Regulation of Release: Gonadal hormones inhibit and other brain areas stimulates
31
Testosterone
Source: Testes and Ovaries Targets: Testes, brain, other tissues Stimulates sperm production and male secondary sex characteristics and libido Regulation of Release: Stimulated by LH in testes
32
Inhibin
Source: Testes or Ovary Targets: Anterior pituitary Decreases release of FSH Regulation of Release: Stimulated by FSH in testes and ovaries
33
Estrogen
Source: Ovary Targets: Ovarian follicle, uterus, brain, other tissue Stimulates follicle maturation, uterus, female secondary sex characteristics Regulation of Release: Stimulated by LH and FSH
34
Progesterone
Source: Ovary Targets: Uterus, brain, other tissue Stimulates uterus, supports pregnancy and lactation Regulation of Release: Stimulated by LH
35
Melatonin** seasonal changes with biological clock
Source: Pineal Gland Targets: Brian to help regulate rhythms - particularly seasonal changes Regulation of Release: light and biological clock in hypothalamus regulate release
36
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) = Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Source: Posterior Pituitary Targets: Kidneys Increase water reabsorption I.e. less urine Regulation of Release: Blood pressure and osmolality
37
Aldosterone
Source: Adrenal Cortex Targets: Kidney Stimulate retention of sodium NA+ Regulation of Release: Stimulated by angiotensin II and some stimulation by ACTH
38
Angiotensin II (AII)
Source: Conversion in blood Targets: adrenal cortex Stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone Regulation of Release: Formed from angiotensin 1 following release of renin into the blood stream
39
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP/ANH or brain NP)
Source: Heart Targets: Kidney and posterior pituitary Stimulates excretion of Sodium and water by decreasing release and effect of aldosterone and AVP Regulation of Release: stimulated by high blood pressure and stretch of the right atrium (ANP) or ventricle (BNP)
40
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Source: Parathyroid gland Targets: bone, intestine, kidney increases blood calcium levels Regulation of Release: Blood calcium levels
41
Vitamin D3 = calcitrol
Source: body plus sunshine Targets: bones, intestine, kidney increase blood calcium levels Regulation of Release: PTH stimulates and sunshine required
42
Calcitonin
Source: C cells of the Thyroid Targets: Bone Decrease blood calcium levels and counteracts high calcitriol during pregnancy and lactation protecting maternal bone health Regulation of Release: blood calcium levels - decrease in pregnancy

Anatomy and Phisiology II (1 decks)

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