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hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers that are transported in body fluids. released from “endocrine glands” (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas)

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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
CRH (corticotrophin-releasing hormone)
TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
GHRH (Growth hormone-releasing hormone)
GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone)
somatostain
dopamine
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3
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

secretes GH (growth hormone)

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4
Q

Anterior pituitary

A 
secretes: 
GH (growth hormone)
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
FSHLH (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & LH (luteinizing hormone)
Prolactin
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5
Q

FSH & LH

A

Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation.
- stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of estrogen and progesterone.
Male: stimulates release of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes.
- stimulates sperm production.

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6
Q

Prolactin

A

prepares female breast for breastfeeding

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7
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Secretes:

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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8
Q

GH

A

Stimulates growth of the bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases carbohydrate metabolism.

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9
Q

ACTH

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones.

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10
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates secretion and synthesis of thyroid hormones.

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11
Q

Cortisol

A

affects metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels, affect growth, has anti-inflammatory action, and decreases effect of stress.

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12
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Secretes:

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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13
Q

Epinephrine & norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitters for the sympathetic NS

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14
Q

Thyroid

A

Secretes:

Thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine (T3) & thyroxine (T4) & calcitonin

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15
Q

T3 & T4

A

increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; necessary for fetal and infant growth and development

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16
Q

calcitonin

A

lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

17
Q

Pancreatic islet cells

A

Secretes:

glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin

18
Q

Glucagon & insulin

A

Glucagon: increases blood glucose concentration by stimulation of glycogeneogenesis & glycogenolysis.
Insulin: lowers blood glucose through glucose transport across cell membranes of the muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.

19
Q

Somatostatin

A

Delays intestinal absorption of glucose

20
Q

Ovaries

A

Secretes:

estrogen and progesterone

21
Q

Estrogen & progesterone

A

Estrogen: affects development of female sex organs and characteristics.
Progesterone: influences menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of uterine wall; maintains pregnancy

22
Q

Testes

A

Secretes: androgens; mainly testosterone

23
Q

Androgens (testosterone)

A

development of male sex hormones, sex characteristics, and aid in sperm production

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