Hormones and Diabetes Flashcards
(31 cards)
Where are hormones produced?
Glands
What is a target organ?
The organ where a hormone has an effect.
How are hormones transported in the body?
In the blood
Which is faster, nervous response or endocrine response?
nervous response
Where is adrenalin produced?
Adrenal gland
Which response is caused by adrenalin?
fight or flight
What effect does adrenalin have on the heart?
Increases heart rate
What effect does adrenalin have on blood pressure?
Increases
What effect does adrenalin have on liver?
Stimulate liver to change glycogen into glucose to increase blood sugar
Where is thyroxine produced?
thyroid
What is a negative feedback mechanism?
A response in the body when conditions change from the ideal point in order to reverse the change.
What effect does thyroxine have in the body?
Stimulate metabolic rate (also growth and development)
What happens if thyroxine levels in the body are too low?
The hypothalamus releases TRH, the pituitary gland releases TSH which stimulates the thyroid to release more thyroxine.
What happens if thyroxine levels in the body are too high?
Release of TRH and TSH are inhibited, so the thyroid stops releasing more thyroxine.
Which hormone is released from the testes?
Testosterone
Which hormones are released from the ovaries?
oestrogen and progesterone
What are hormones?
Chemical signals in the body.
Why is the fight or flight response important?
Prepares the body to either flee from or fight a danger
What is the purpose of insulin?
Reduce blood sugar levels.
Which gland releases insulin
pancreas
What is the target organ of insulin
liver and muscle cells
What effect does insulin have on its target organs?
Causes them to take up excess sugar and store it as glycogen
When is insulin released?
When blood sugar levels rise- e.g. after eating a meal
What effect does glucagon have on the body?
Causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose
