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Endocrinology > Hormones and Receptors > Flashcards

Hormones and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

the endocrine system consists of ________ endocrine glands

A

the endocrine system consists of DUCTLESS endocrine glands

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2
Q

hypothalamus releases ______________ _________ ______ (___) that stimulates the _________ pituitary to release ___________________ _______ (____) that in turn causes the adrenal cortex to synthesise and release ________

A

hypothalamus releases CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) that stimulates the ANTERIOR pituitary to release ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) that in turn causes the adrenal cortex to synthesise and release CORTISOL

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3
Q

name the 4 chemical natures of hormones

A

modified amino acids
steroids
peptides
proteins

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4
Q

what are modified amino acids derived from?

A

tyrosine, tyramine

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5
Q

what are steroids derived from?

A

cholesterol

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6
Q

what are peptides derived from?

A

larger precursor proteins

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7
Q

give an example of a modified amino acid hormone

A

adrenaline, T3, T4…

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8
Q

give an example of a steroid hormone

A

cortisol, progesterone, testosterone

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9
Q

give an example of a peptide hormone

A

ACTH, ADH, oxytocin

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10
Q

give an example of a protein hormone

A

insulin

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11
Q

name the 3 types of chemical signalling

A

autocrine
paracrine
endocrine

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12
Q

what hormone lowers plasma glucose levels?

A

insulin

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13
Q

what hormone increases plasma glucose levels?

A

glucagon

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14
Q

amines are ______philic

A

amines are HYDROphilic so is transported free in plasma

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15
Q

peptides are ______philic

A

peptides are HYDROphilic so is transported free in plasma

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16
Q

what type of hormone is synthesises and secreted on demand?

A

steroids

17
Q

steroids are _____phobic

A

steroids are HYDROphobic so are transported bound to proteins

18
Q

steroids, __ and __ are insoluble in plasma

A

steroids, T3 and T4 are insoluble in plasma

19
Q

name the 3 important specific carrier proteins of steroids

A

CBG - cortisol binding globulin

TBG - thyroxine binding globulin

SSBG - sex-steroid binding globulin

20
Q

name the 2 important general carrier proteins

A

albumin and transthyretin

21
Q

what hormones do not need carrier proteins?

A

proteins and peptides

22
Q

only ____ hormone can cross the capillary wall to activate receptor in target tissues

A

only FREE hormone can cross the capillary wall to activate receptor in target tissues

23
Q

the HPA axis is an example of ________ feedback

A

the HPA axis is an example of NEGATIVE feedback

24
Q

outline the HPA axis

A

Hypothalamus secretes CRF that acts on anterior Pituitary to secrete ACTH that acts on Adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

25
Q

what causes the hypothalamus to secrete CRF

A

stress

26
Q

the rate of elimination of amines and proteins/peptides is ____ whereas steroids and thyroid hormones is ____

A

the rate of elimination of amines and proteins/peptides is FAST whereas steroids and thyroid hormones is SLOW

27
Q

name the 3 types of hormone receptor

A

GPCR
receptor kinases
nuclear receptors

28
Q

name the 3 classes of nuclear receptors

A 
class 1
class 2
hybrid class
29
Q

the ligand to GPCR and receptor kinases is ______philic

A

the ligand to GPCR and receptor kinases is HYDROphilic

30
Q

the ligand to nuclear receptors is ______philic

A

the ligand to nuclear receptors is LIPOphilic

31
Q

what are cell surface receptors and what are intracellular receptors:

GPCR -
receptor kinases -
nuclear receptors -

A

GPCR - cell surface
receptor kinases - cell surface
nuclear receptors - intracellular

32
Q

what are the following activated by:

GPCR -
receptor kinases -
nuclear receptors class 1 -
nuclear receptors class 2 -

A

GPCR - AMINES

receptor kinases - PROTEINS/PEPTIDES

nuclear receptors class 1 - STEROID HORMONES

nuclear receptors class 2 - LIPIDS

33
Q

what hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A 
ACTH
GH
FSH
LH
prolactin
TSH
34
Q

what hormones does the posterior pituitary release?

A

ADH

oxytocin

35
Q

what hormones do the following release:

thyroid -

pancreas -

adrenal cortex -

adrenal gland -

A

thyroid - T4 and T3

pancreas - GLUCAGON AND INSULIN

adrenal cortex - GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS AND ALDOSTERONE

adrenal gland - ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE

Endocrinology (31 decks)

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