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Hormones- Class 7 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What are hormones?

A

Secretions that may produce a response at a near/remote site. Their actions are selective and effective at very minute quantities.

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2
Q

What are 3 types of endocrine hormones?

A

-Proteins
-Steroid
-Aromatic Amine hormones

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3
Q

What is the source of polypeptide hormones?

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Oxytocin
ADH
GnRH
TSH
FSH
LH
hCG

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4
Q

How do polypeptide hormones get into cells?

A

Membrane bound receptors.

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5
Q

Do polypeptide hormones use transport proteins?

A

No.

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6
Q

What is special about LH, FSH, TSH (structurally)?

A

Dimers
- alpha subunits that are identical
-B chains differ to gives specificity

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7
Q

What characteristic is exploited to test for different polypeptide hormones like LH, FSH, and TSH?

A

Their different beta chains

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8
Q

What are steroids made from?

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

What are the steroids that bud from cholesterol?

A

-Testosterone
-Progesterone
-Estradiol
-Androstenediol

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10
Q

Do steroids use transport proteins?

A

Yes- sex hormone binding globulin SHBG

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11
Q

What kind of receptors do steroids use?

A

Intracellular specific receptors
- Cytoplasmic receptors
-Nuclear receptors

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12
Q

What are the types of receptors for steroids? 4

A

Androgen
Estrogen
Progesterone
Corticosteroid

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13
Q

How does mifepristone work?

A

It is an abortion pill that chemically structured to mimic progesterone.

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14
Q

What are examples of aromatic amines?

A

Epi and norepi

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15
Q

What are the three levels of control?

A

1= Target organs
2= Pituitary
3= Hypothalamus

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16
Q

What hormones are secreted from hypothalamus?

A

CRH
TRH
GHRH
GHIH
PRF
PIH
GnRH

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17
Q

What hormones are associated with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

ACTH
TSH
GH
PRL
FSH
LH

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18
Q

What hormones are associated with the posterior pituitary gland?

A

ADH
Oxytocin

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19
Q

Explain the GH path

A

GHRH released from hypothalamus, anterior pituitary secretes GH, the liver breaks down glycogen and adipocytes break down triglycerides, and IGF stimulates amino acid uptake by target cells, promoting protein synthesis

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20
Q

Increas GH causes what pathologies?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acromegaly
Gigantism

21
Q

Decreased GH causes what pathology?

22
Q

What is acromegaly?

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A

Rare chronic endocrine disorder resulting from hyper-secretion of GH

Cause is normally pituitary adenoma leading to abnormal musculoskeletal growth, most often noted in the face/extremities

23
Q

GH can also be abused by?

Study These Flashcards
A

Athletes and rich people

24
Q

When is oxytocin secreted?

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A

In response to suckling

25
What does oxytocin do in a female's body?
Induces labor, controls postpartum uterine bleeding
26
What are medications that are synthetic forms of oxytocin?
Pitocin and Syntocinon Both to induce labor
27
If osmolality increased by 1-2% what happens to ADH?
ADH increases 4 x
28
If osmolality decreased by 1-2% what happens to ADH?
ADH turns completely off
29
What are causes of hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland?
Hypothalamic lesion Pituitary adenoma like simmonds syndrom or sheehans Postpartum hemmorrhage- hypovolemia Genetic defect
30
If all labs for TSH, LH, FSH, (anterior pituitary lobe hormones) are low- what do you expect?
Panyhypopituitarism
31
How many layers does the adrenal gland have?
3 Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis
32
What are major pathologies of the adrenal gland?
Cushings Addisons
33
What is secreted from the adrenal medulla?q
Aromatic amines EPI NOREPI
34
What is synthesized in the zona fasiculata and how is it stimulated?
Cortisol and it is stimulated by ACTH
35
ACTH production is _. Cortisol peaks at _ AM
diurnal, 8:00
36
What is the composition of cortisol in plasma?
90% bound to CBG corticosteroid binding globulin, 10% is free (biologically active)
37
What is cortisol's 1/2 life?
90 minutes
38
Where is CBG synthesized?
Liver and is dependent on estrogen
39
What is the pathway to making cortisol?
Cholesterol -> Pregnenolone -> progesteron -> 12-Hydroxyprogesterone -> 21-HYDROXYLASE ENZYME -> cortisol
40
What would happen during pregnancy if CBG is dependent on estrogen?
If estrogen increases so does CBG
41
How is cortisol measured?
Serum at 8:00 AM and rechecked at 4:00 PM OR Free cortisol can be checked by 24 hr urine specimen
42
What would the lab values for Addison's disease look like?
Low cortisol, high ACTH
43
What are the symptoms of Addisons disease?
Weakness weight loss pigmentation of skin + mucus membranes* Hypotension Anorexia, naseau, vomiting Salt Craving
44
Is addisons a primary secondary or tertiary endocrine defect?
Primary
45
What is the ACTH stimulation test
Tests Addisons Disease Give ACTH Test @ 30 min Test again @ 60 min If the cortisol level stays the same= primary Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
46
What is the metyraprone test?
Metyrapone inhibits the 11 beta hydroxylase enzyme that is needed to make Cortisol. Normally, the decrease in cortisol should stimulate the pituitary secretion of ACTH by the negative feedback mechanism (Shouldn't be used in pt's with addisons)
47
What are three ways Cushing's syndrome can be caused?
Hyperplasia of the adrenal gland, Pituitary tumor, Ectopic tumor causing adrenal gland to create more cortisol
48
What are symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
Obesity Hypertension Glucosuria Polyuria Menstrual/sexual dysfunction Striae Bruising Psychiatric disturbances Osteoporosis Edema
49
What is the dexamethasone suppression test?
DEX is a synthetic cortisol. You take 1 mg at 11:00 PM, cortisol is measured at 8:00 AM. Normally, the high night cortisol should have turned off ACTH and lowered cortisol Pts with Cushing's will have no cortisol suppression. Problem: primary overproduction

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