Hormones/Introduction Flashcards
(25 cards)
These are the molecules that released by axon terminals of neurons into the synaptic jxn and act locally to control nerve fxns.
NT’s
These are the molecules that are released by glands or specialized cells into the circulating blood and influence the fxn of target cells at another locaiton in the body.
Endocrine Hormones (H’s)
These are the molecules secreted bu neurons into the circulating blood and infleunce the fxn of target cells at another locaiton in the body.
Neuroendocrine hormones
What is the type of H that is secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect neighboring target cells of a different type?
Paracrine H’s
What type of H is secreted by cells into the extracelullar fluid and affect the fxn of the same cells that produce them?
Autocrines
This is the structure of H secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, the pancreas, and parathyroid.
Protein H’s
What is the structure of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, the ovaries, the testes, and the placenta?
Steroid H’s
Which AA are the Hormones secreted by the thyroid and the adrenal medulla made from?
Tyrosine
While the protein H’s are synthesized in the RER, what are the cleaved preprohormones turned into?
Prohormones
Where are the peptide hormones then sent after the RER?
Golgi
CGA to be specific
What happens in the golgi to the prohormones before secretion?
prohormones –> active hormones
Which ion triggers exocytosis of secretory vesicles?
Ca++
Which molecule are steroid H’s made from?
Cholesterol
Where are large stores of cholesterol esters stored in the cell to be rapidly metabolized for steroid synthesis?
Cytoplasmic vacuoles
Where in the target cell are the steroid receptors? Peptide receptors?
Steroids- in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Peptide- extracellular R’s (can’t cross lipid bilayer like steroids)
Which hormones have a longer 1/2 life? water or lipid soluble?
Lipid
This is the concept where the product of a hormone synthesis pathway will supress its stimulus.
Negative feedback
So if you have a problem with the gland that secretes a hormone, what will be the levels of the trophic hormone that stimulates the gland? increased or decreased?
Increased
(eg. if u screw up the thyroid like in hashimotos, you decrease TH –> no neg feedback to ant pit and hypothal –> ↑ TRH and TSH)
What will downregulation of receptors do the the tissues responsiveness to the hormone?
Decrease responsiveness
Which subunit of the G-protein receptor dissociates from the trimeric complex and associated with other intracellular signaling proteins?
alpha
Once a lipid soluble H binds to its receptor inside the cell,what is the sequence of DNA called that the H-R complex binds to?
Hormone Response Element (HRE)
What are the 2 main phopholipids that PLC breaks down from PIP2?
(Gq pathway)
PIP2 –> IP3 + DAG
What ion does IP3 mainly regulate?
Ca++
What is the main target for DAG?
PKC
