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ANS 327: Reproductive Physiology > Hormones Master List > Flashcards

Hormones Master List Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biochemical classification of GnRH?

A

Neuropeptide (decapeptide).

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2
Q

What is the source of GnRH?

A

Hypothalamic surge and tonic centers.

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3
Q

What is the male target tissue for GnRH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP.

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4
Q

What is the female target tissue for GnRH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP.

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5
Q

What is the male primary action of GnRH?

A

Release of LH and FSH from the AP.

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6
Q

What is the female primary action of GnRH?

A

Release of LH and FSH from the AP.

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7
Q

What is the biochemical classification of LH?

A

Glycoprotein.

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8
Q

What is the source of LH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP. GnRH triggers the release.

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9
Q

What is the male target tissue for LH?

A

The interstitial Leydig cells in the testis.

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10
Q

What is the female target tissue for LH?

A

The luteal and theca interna cells of the ovary.

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11
Q

What is the male primary action of LH?

A

Stimulates testosterone production.

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12
Q

What is the female primary action of LH?

A

Induces ovulation of the dominant follicle, formation of the CL, P4 secretion, and testosterone secretion.

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13
Q

What is the biochemical classification of FSH?

A

Glycoprotein.

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14
Q

What is the source of FSH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP. GnRH triggers the release.

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15
Q

What is the male target tissue of FSH?

A

The Sertoli cells of the testis.

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16
Q

What is the female target tissue for FSH?

A

The granulosa cells of the ovary.

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17
Q

What is the male primary action of FSH?

A

Sertoli cell function, spermatogenesis, regulation of the blood-testis barrier.

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18
Q

What is the female primary action of FSH?

A

E2 synthesis and follicular development.

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19
Q

What is the biochemical classification of PRL?

A

Protein.

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20
Q

What is the source of PRL?

A

Binuclear giant cells and the lactotroph cells of the AP.

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21
Q

What is the male target tissue for PRL?

A

Brain and testes.

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22
Q

What is the female target tissue for PRL?

A

CL in mice and rats, Mammary cells (growth during pregnancy, milk production after parturition). Behavior.

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23
Q

What is the male primary action of PRL?

A

Testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Can induce maternal behavior. Behavior.

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24
Q

What is the female primary action of PRL?

A

Maternal behavior, Corpora lutea function in some species, and lactation.

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25
What is the biochemical classification of OT?
Neuropeptide (octapeptide).
26
What is the source of OT?
Synthesized by the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus for storage in the PP. Also synthesized and secreted by the CL for the estrous cycle.
27
What is the male target tissue of OT?
The smooth muscle of the ductus/vas deferens, epididymal tail, and ampulla
28
What is the female target tissue of OT?
The myometrium and endometrium of the uterus. Also, the myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands.
29
What is the male primary action of OT?
PGF2alpha synthesis and pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa. * PGF2a is required to move sperm through the epididymis, so the hormone that moves sperm out of the cauda also helps synthesize the hormone that moves sperm into the cauda.
30
What is the female primary action of OT?
Promotes uterine PGF2alpha synthesis, uterine motility, contractions during parturition, and milk ejection.
31
What is the biochemical classification of E2?
Steroid.
32
What is the source of E2?
Granulosa cells of the follicle, the placenta, and the Sertoli cells of the testis.
33
What is the male target tissue of E2?
Brain (sexual behavior) and long bones (inhibits long bone growth).
34
What is the female target tissue of E2?
Hypothalamus, mammary gland, the entire reproductive tract, and the brain.
35
What is the male primary function of E2?
Sexual behavior.
36
What is the female primary function of E2?
GnRH release, sexual behavior, receptivity to mating, enhanced secretory activity of the entire tract, oviduct ciliation, and enhanced uterine motility.
37
What is the biochemical classification of P4?
Steroid.
38
What is the source of P4?
The placenta and CL.
39
What is the male target tissue for P4?
None.
40
What is the female target tissue of P4?
Hypothalamus, myometrium, uterine endometrium (secretions), and mammary gland.
41
What is the male primary action of P4?
None.
42
What is the female primary action of P4?
Inhibits GnRH release, promotes endometrial secretion, promotes the maintenance of pregnancy, and inhibits reproductive behavior.
43
What is the biochemical classification of T?
Steroid.
44
What is the source of T?
The interstitial cells of Leydig in males and the cells of theca interna in females.
45
What is the male target tissue for T?
Accessory sex glands, tunica dartos of the scrotum, skeletal muscle, seminiferous epithelium, epididymis.
46
What is the female target tissue for T?
Skeletal muscle, brain, and granulosa cells.
47
What is the male primary function of T?
Promotes secretion of accessory sex glands, promotes spermatogenesis, and anabolic growth.
48
What is the female primary function of T?
Substrate for E2 synthesis and abnormal masculinization (voice, behavior, hair pattern, etc.)
49
What is the biochemical classification of inhibin?
Glycoprotein.
50
What is the source of inhibin?
Granulosa cells in females and Sertoli cells in males.
51
What is the male target tissue of inhibin?
The gonadotrophs of the AP.
52
What is the female target tissue of inhibin?
The gonadotrophs of the AP.
53
What is the male primary action of inhibin?
Inhibits the secretion of FSH.
54
What is the female primary action of inhibin?
Inhibits the secretion of FSH.
55
What is the biochemical classification of PGF2alpha?
Prostaglandin (C-20 fatty acid).
56
What is the source of PGF2alpha?
Uterine endometrium (female), vesicular glands (male).
57
What is the male target tissue for PGF2alpha?
Epididymis.
58
What is the female target tissue for PGF2alpha?
CL, uterine myometrium, and ovulatory follicles.
59
What is the male primary function of PGF2alpha?
Affects the metabolic activity of the spermatozoa and causes epididymal contractions.
60
What is the female primary function of PGF2alpha?
Luteolysis, uterine contractions and tone, and ovulation.
61
What is the biochemical classification of RLN/RLX?
Protein polypeptide.
62
What is the source of RLN/RLX?
CL, placenta (species-specific), prostate.
63
What is the male target tissue for RLN/RLX?
The sperm and male tract.
64
What is the female target tissue for RLN/RLX
Cervix, pelvic ligaments, mammary gland, and nipple.
65
What is the male primary action of RNL/RLX?
Tract growth and sperm motility.
66
What is the female primary action of RNL/RLX?
Softening of the cervix, pelvic ligaments, connective tissue remodeling in the tract, and widening of the birth canal.
67
What is the biochemical classification of hCG?
Glycoprotein. * What a pregnancy test measures. **Can be used to induce ovulation in mares.
68
What is the source of hCG?
Embryo and placenta.
69
What is the male target tissue for hCG?
None.
70
What is the female target tissue for hCG?
Corpus luteum.
71
What is the male primary action for hCG?
None.
72
What is the female primary action for hCG?
Prevents luteolysis.
73
What is the biochemical classification of eCG?
Glycoprotein. Same alpha subunit as LH and FSH. Can bind to the LH receptor.
74
What is the source of eCG?
The endometrial cups. Released from day 35 to day 110-140. Has LH-like activity (FSH in other species). *Unique to equines. **PMSG=Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin.
75
What is the male target tissue for eCG?
None.
76
What is the female target tissue for eCG?
Ovary.
77
What is the male primary action of eCG?
None.
78
What is the female primary action of eCG?
Causes the formation of accessory corpora lutea and increases P4 section.
79
What is the biochemical classification of placental lactogen?
Protein.
80
What is the source of placental lactogen?
Placenta and binuclear giant cells.
81
What is the male target tissue for placental lactogen?
None.
82
What is the female target tissue for placental lactogen?
Mammary gland of the dam.
83
What is the male primary action of placental lactogen?
None.
84
What is the female primary action of placental lactogen?
Mammary stimulation of the dam and growth and development of the fetus.
85
What hormone is released tonically in response to GnRH?
LH.
86
What is the biochemical classification of activin?
Glycoprotein.
87
What is the source of activin?
AP, placenta, and gonads.
88
What is the male target tissue of activin?
Testis.
89
What is the female target tissue of activin?
Follicle.
90
What is the male primary action of activin?
Enhance spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
91
What is the female primary action of activin?
Increase FSH binding and estradiol production.

ANS 327: Reproductive Physiology (23 decks)

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