hormones of the hypothalamus and pitituary

Question 1

what is the endocrine system controlled by?

Answer 1

The endocrine system is controlled by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Question 2

Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary are

a. high molecular weight proteins
b. low molecular weight proteins

Answer 2

low molecular weight proteins

Question 3

what are anterior pitituary hormones controlled by

Answer 3

releasing or inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus

Question 4

which 2 hormones does the hypothalamus synthesize?

Answer 4

vasopressin[ADH] and oxytocin

Question 5

vasopressin[ADH] and oxytocin are synthesized by the pitituary gland. true or false.

Answer 5

false. they are synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the pitituary till release.

Question 6

which hormones are employed in diagnosis and have limited application in managing diseases?

Answer 6

hypothalamic releasing hormones

Question 7

why are hormones of the pitituary not administered orally?

Answer 7

Because they are low molecular weight proteins and will get destroyed by the digestive acids

Question 8

hormones of the pitituary and administered orally. t or f

Answer 8

false, iv scut im but not orally

Question 9

what are hormones of the anterior pitituary called

Answer 9

adenohypophysis

Question 10

which hormones controls secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

Answer 10

ACTH and corticotropin

Question 11

ACTH is released in pulses. t or f

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what stimulates the secretion of ACTH

Answer 12

stress stimulates the secretion of ACTH

Question 13

when is ACTH released in highest concentrations

Answer 13

at 6am in the morning and lowest in the evening

in response to stress

Question 14

what is the targest organ for ACTH/corticotropin

Answer 14

adrenal cortex

Question 15

what is synthetic ACTH called

Answer 15

tetracosactrin

Question 16

what is the synthetic ACTH used in

Answer 16

tetracosactrin is used in diagnosis adrenal cortical insufficiency

Question 17

how is synethetic ACTH used to differentiate primary adrenal insufficiency from secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 17

in primary adrenal insufficiency called addisons disease, the adrenal cortex is damaged and there is no response to tetracosactrin and no release of corticosteroids

in secondary insufficiency pitituary does not release ACTH and there is response to tetracosactrin and release of corticosteroids

Question 18

what is another name for growth hormone

Answer 18

somatotropin

Question 19

what is growth hormone inhibited by

Answer 19

somatostatin (GHIH)

Question 20

what mediates the action of GH and provides its negative feedback

Answer 20

IGF-1 insulin like growth factor

Question 21

when is Gh released and in which manner?

Answer 21

GH is released in a pulsatile manner with the highest concentrations during deep sleep.

Question 22

in somatotropin the plasma concentrations fluctuate upto __________

Answer 22

10 to 100 folds

Question 23

what is a potent stimulator for somatotropin

Answer 23

deep sleep

Question 24

Gh increases with age. true or false

Answer 24

false. it decreases with age

Question 25

what age is GH highest in and lowest in

Answer 25

highest from birth upto 4 years of age and lowest in the elderly

Question 26

what is the role of GH

Answer 26

the main function is to maintain growth in conjuction with hormones of the thyroid, gondas and adrenal cortex

Question 27

what are the functions of GH (4)

Answer 27

stimulate cartilage synthesis stimulate bone synthesis stimulate protein synthesis stimulate cell proliferation

Question 28

what are the indications of somatropin

Answer 28

GH deficiency in children-pitituary dwarfism short stature of turners syndrome illicitly by atheletes

Question 29

what is synthetic somatropin called

Answer 29

human recombinant IGF 1 mecasermin

Question 30

what is the regimen for somatropin

Answer 30

scut injection 6-7 times per week

Question 31

somatropin therapy is more effective with late start. true or false

Answer 31

false. it is more effective with early start

Question 32

name the 4 hormones that somatotropin inhibits

Answer 32

growth hormone insulin glucagon gastrin

Question 33

what is the synthetic form of somatostatin. what is its benefit

Answer 33

ocetreotide. has a longer half life

Question 34

name the combination therapy employed for the ttt of acromegaly due to GH releasing tumors of the anterior pitituary

Answer 34

octreotide + bromocriptine ( dopamine antagonist)

Question 35

excessive GH in adulthood leads to __________.

Answer 35

acromegaly

Question 36

what is another name for GnRH

Answer 36

gonadorellin

Question 37

what does GnRh cause secretion of

Answer 37

LH and FSH in inferility or hypogonadism due to tumors

Question 38

name the synthetic analogs of GnRH modulators

Answer 38

goserelin buserelin nafarelin histrelin