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The Endocrine System > Horomones > Flashcards

Horomones Flashcards

1
Q

This Hormone targets bones, muscle, and fat by stimulating growth

A

Growth Hormone

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2
Q

Growth Hormones are secreted from which gland?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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3
Q

This hormone Induces TSH release

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH)

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4
Q

Thyroid Stimulating hormone is secreted by which gland?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

Which gland induces the release of T3 and T4

TSH

A

Anterior pituitary

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6
Q

This hormone targets mammary glands to produce milk

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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7
Q

Which gland releases Prolactin (PRL)

A

Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

This hormone targets the adrenal glands to produce cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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9
Q

These hormone targets males: interstitial cells in testes; in females: mature ovarian follicle males: testosterone secretion females: ovulation

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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10
Q

Which glad releases Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Anterior Pituitary

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11
Q

This hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water ( increases blood pressure)

A

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

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12
Q

Which gland secretes Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Posterior Pituitary

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13
Q

This hormone targets uterine smooth muscle to contract during labor and at the time of milk production

A

Oxytocin (OT)

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14
Q

Which gland secretes Oxytocin (OT)

A

Posterior pituitary

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15
Q

This hormone targets all cells in the body to regulates the rate of metabolism

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4)

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16
Q

Which gland secretes Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4)?

A

Thyroid

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17
Q

This hormone targets the distal convoluted tubules, osteoblasts of bones and lowers blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

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18
Q

Which gland releases calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

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19
Q

Which hormone targets the proximal kidney tubules, osteoclasts, intestine, increases blood Ca++ / reabsorption of Ca++ into blood from bone resorption, dietary Ca ++ absorption

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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20
Q

Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Parathyroid gland

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21
Q

This hormone targets the proximal convoluted tubules for the reabsorption of water and Na (increases blood pressure)

A

ALDOSTERONE

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22
Q

Which gland is responsible for the secretion of Aldosterone?

A

Adrenal cortex

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23
Q

This hormone targets all cells to control the rate of glucose metabolism

A

CORTISOL

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24
Q

Which gland secretes cortisol

A

adrenal cortex

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25
Q

This hormone targets secondary sex organs and affects development at puberty and maintenance throughout life (the female hormone)

A

ESTROGEN

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26
Q

Which gland secretes Estrogen

A

ovarian follicle

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27
Q

This hormone is involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species by targeting the uterine endometrium (preparation for implantation thickens, etc)

A

PROGESTERONE

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28
Q

Which gland secretes Progesterone

A

corpus luteum of the ovary

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29
Q

This hormone is known as the male hormone 😍 affects secondary sex organs

A

Testosterone

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30
Q

Which gland secretes testosterone

A

seminiferous tubules/testes and precursors made by the adrenal cortex

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31
Q

This hormone is responsible for glucose metabolism and inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion

A

SOMATOSTATIN

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32
Q

Which gland is responsible for the secretion of somatostatin

A

DELTA cells of Pancreatic Islets

33
Q

Which hormone pushes glucose into cells from blood, glycogen formation (decreases blood glucose)

A

INSULIN

34
Q

Which gland secretes insulin?

A

Pancreatic Islets

35
Q

This hormone targets liver and skeletal muscle and responsible for the breakdown of glycogen (increase in blood glucose)?

A

Glucagon

36
Q

Which gland secretes glucagon?

A

Alpha cells of Pancreatic Islets

37
Q

This hormone targets cardiac muscle, arteriole/ bronchiole smooth muscle, diaphragm, etc to increases blood pressure, and heart rate?

A

EPINEPHRINE/ NOREPINEPHRINE

38
Q

Which gland secretes Epinephrine/norepinephrine?

A

Adrenal Medulla

39
Q

Which hormone targets the limbic system / medial temporal lobe affecting the circadian rhythm/sleep cycles and controls emotions/behavior?

A

Melatonin

40
Q

Which gland is responsible for the release of melatonin?

A

Pineal

41
Q

Which hormone targets T-lymphocytes and responsible for maturation?

A

Thymosin

42
Q

Which gland is responsible for the release of thymosin?

A

Thymus gland

43
Q

Defined as chemical messengers that can stimulate target cells at low concentrations that help regulate homeostasis and regulates metabolic processes?

A

Hormones

44
Q

True or false, the pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine in nature?

A

True

45
Q

Describe in anatomical terms the position of the pancreas.

A

Inferior to the stomach – in ULQ (upper left quadrant) of the
abdominal cavity

46
Q

What does the pancreas secrete into the pancreatic duct?

A

4 different enzymes

Lipase, amylase, trypsin, and nuclease

47
Q

Which hormone does the pancreas secrete into the blood
that chemically communicates by binding to the liver cell’s
insulin receptor protein at times of hyperglycemia after a meal?

A

Insulin

48
Q

Name all the hormones produced by the pancreas.

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

49
Q

In the case of high blood glucose levels, the stimulation of insulin production is an example of what kind of feedback?

A

Negative feedback

50
Q

In cases of starvation, what does the pancreas do?

A

Makes glucagon causing an increase in blood glucose levels

51
Q

Which two main categories do hormones fall into?

A

Lipids or proteins; steroid or nonsteroid

52
Q

Is insulin a lipid or protein?

A

Protein

53
Q

How many polypeptide chains do insulin consists of?

A

Two

54
Q

True or false? Insulin is made up of chains of lipids?

A

False: amino acids

55
Q

The polypeptide chains that insulin is composed of is held together by?

A

Di-sulfide bridges

56
Q

Name a hormone that is considered a lipid?

A

Steroid hormones

57
Q

Lipids are composed mainly of?

A

Carbon and Hydrogen

58
Q

Steroids are synthesized by what substance?

A

Cholesterol

59
Q

Which two hormones are made from cholesterol?

A

Testosterone and Estrogen

60
Q

Are lipid hormones: paracrine substances derived from the fatty acid arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

Prostaglandins

61
Q

Pancrine secretions are secreted __________ such as into areas of inflamation.

A

Locally

62
Q

True or false: prostaglandins are lipids that are synthesized and released slowly and inactivated slowly?

A

False: Prostaglandins are synthesized and released quickly and inactivated quickly

63
Q

True or false: Prostaglandins can activate or inactivate adenylate cyclase

A

True

64
Q

True or false: Prostigaladins can relax or contract smooth muscle?

A

True

65
Q

True or false: Prostaglandins stimulate non-horomone secretions?

A

False: stimulates hormone secretions

66
Q

True or false: Prostaglandins Influence potassium ion movement?

A

False: Prostigladins stimulates sodium ion movements

67
Q

Hormones that contain nitrogen are classified as?

A

Amines

68
Q

Name two types of Amine hormones.

A

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

69
Q

True or false: Amine hormones can have both lipid-like characteristics and protein- like characteristics

A

True

70
Q

True or false: Steroid hormones can easily pass through cell and nuclear phospholipid membranes! Protein hormones cannot.

A

True

71
Q

Protein hormones like insulin and glucagon induce a

____________ - c-AMP.

A

Second Messenger

72
Q

Where does the translation of the mRNA occur in a cell?

A

In the cytoplasm

73
Q

What is the first sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action

A

The endocrine gland secretes steroid hormone

74
Q

What is the second sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action

A

Steroid hormone diffuses through the target cell membrane and enters the cytoplasm or nucleus

75
Q

What is the third sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action

A

Hormone combines with a receptors molecule in the cytoplasm or nucleus

76
Q

What is the fourth sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action

A

Steroid hormone-receptor complex binds with the DNA and promotes transcription of the messenger RNA

77
Q

What is the fifth sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action

A

Messenger RNA enters the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis

78
Q

What is the sixth sequence of steroid and T3/T4 hormone action

A

Newly synthesized proteins produce the hormone’s specific effect.

The Endocrine System (1 decks)

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