Horse Training - Andrew McLean Flashcards
1
Q
Traditional beliefs around horses
A
- Will to please, work ethic, trust
- Assumed that they should be made submissive
- Submission - respect - benevolence - service
2
Q
Central pattern Generator
A
- Arranges gaits but not tempo
- Brain is not required for gaits
- Aids work directly on swing phase, not stance
- swing mirrors stance
3
Q
Swing phase
A
Limbs in the air - controlled by the cerebral cortex
4
Q
Stance phase
A
Limb on ground - controlled by motor cortex
5
Q
Diagonal couplets
A
- One diagonal resists deceleration
- Other resists acceleration
- Typically find horses heavier and stiffer on the side which the front resists deceleration
6
Q
The ‘running pair’ tends to
A
- Halt in front
- Leans on that rein
- Doesn’t shorten/slow as the other
7
Q
Negative reinforcement
A
= pressure-release
- removing something unpleasant on correct response
- rein and leg aids
8
Q
Positive reinforcement
A
= reward
- Adding something attractive immediately on correct response e.g. food
- clicker training
9
Q
Positive punishment
A
- something adversive to stop undesirable behaviour
- whipping/smacking in response to kicking
10
Q
Operant conditioning
A
- negative reinforcement
- positive reinforcement
- positive punishment
- negative punishment
11
Q
Negative punishment
A
= removal of something they want
- Not often used with horses
12
Q
Issues with positive punishment
A
- Animals don’t want to try new learned responses
- Negative associations with the punisher and contexts
- Spontaneous recovery of fear responses
- Learned helplessness
- PTSD emerging resulting in latent aggression
13
Q
Classical conditioning
A
Cue precedes established behaviour
14
Q
Habituation
A
= Learning not to react
- Systemic desensitisation – gradually bring item closer
- Immobility for around 13s
- Overshadowing
15
Q
Approach conditioning
A
- Chase the scary thing on the horse
- Horse volunteers to get closer
