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Nutrition 2 > Horses > Flashcards

Horses Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Caecum

A

Site of bacterial fermentation

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2
Q

Small intestine

A

Enzymatic digestion

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3
Q

Saliva

A

Incr. Ca + Cl
Decr. HCO3 + Na
35-40l
pH; 8.6-9.1

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4
Q

Stomach:

Oesophageal part

A

Stratified squamous Epithelium
Amylotitic bacteria
pH: 6-7 (saliva buffer)

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5
Q

Stomach:

Glandular part

A 
Glandular mucosa
Chief cells: pepsinogen
Goblet cells: mucous +HCO3
Parietal cells: HCl
pH: 2-4 (Acidic)
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6
Q

Small intestine

A

Enzymes:
> Lipase: Good (Fat digestion)
> Amylase: Poor (limited starch digestion, can accumulate in hindgut)

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7
Q

Starch Hydrolysis

A

Lactase until 4 months
Maltase incr. after 4 months
Lactase at almost 0 by 4 years
Cannot wean foals before 4 months!!!

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8
Q

Protein Hydrolysis

A

Trypsin and brush border oligopeptides

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9
Q

Caecum

A

Cellulitic (CF: 16-18%)
Fibre degrading bacteria (anaerobic) + Fungi + Protozoa
pH ~ 7
Produce: Vit B & K

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10
Q

Dietary Protein

A 
Caecal bacteria
> Gelatine
>Casine
>Peptones
>Ammonium or AA (not Urea)
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11
Q

Water

A

5L/100kg
Lactation: 12-14L/kg
Activity: 72-92L
Endurance horse: dont drink due to electrolyte loss (trained to drink)

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12
Q

DM intake

A 
70MJ
or
1.5-3% of BW 
or
2Kg/100kg BW

DMi variable:
Fresh grass > Alfalfa > Grass hay > cereal straw

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13
Q

Body condition score

A

Maintenance: 4-6
Working: 4-5
Broodmare: 6

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14
Q

Protein

A

670-800g
Limiting: lysine
threonine
Methionine

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15
Q

CF

A

Min 1% of BW

> 18%

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16
Q

Carbohydrates

1. Hydrolysed

A

Starch, Simple sugars and disaccharides

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17
Q

Carbohydrates:

  1. Fermented
  2. Fermentation Products
A

Fructans, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulose and any starch that escaped hydrolyses

Fermentation products:
VFA, Gas, heat and B-complex vitamins

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18
Q

Fat

A

12-14%

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19
Q

Omega 6: Omega 3

Study These Flashcards
A

Corn oil 52:1
Soyabean 7:1
Linsead 0.26: 1

20
Q

Ca:P

Study These Flashcards
A

1.5-2 : 1
Ca: 20g
Phos: 14g
*Grains high in P: hyperparathyroidism

21
Q

Selinium

Study These Flashcards
A

Def: White muscle disease in foals
Poisoning: Loss of mane and tail

22
Q

VIt: Alpha/Beta Carotene

Study These Flashcards
A

Hay,
Grazing: (6 months = 1 year supply)
Def: Decr: fertility, and growth
Overdose: Alopecia, lameness

23
Q

Gestation Period

24
Q

Gestational weight gain

Study These Flashcards
A

12-16% of initial BW

Mainly foetus and placental tissue

25
Pregnant mare: | DE (Mcal/day)
0-4mths: 80 7th mth: 80 11th mth: 100
26
Pregnant mare | CP (Kg/day)
0-4th mth: 0.6-0.8 7th mth: 0.75-0.9 11th: 0.9-1.10
27
Pregnant mare: Ca P
Ca: 20-45 P: 14-32
28
Milk yeild
``` 12-18kg/day Month 2: peak Amount: > 3% BW : 1st 3 months > 2% BW : 2nd 3 months ```
29
Energy | lactation
DEl: 3.3MJ DEm: 35-70MJ
30
Protein | Lactation
12 X DE (1st 3 months) | 11 X DE (2nd 3 months)
31
Lysine: lactation:
3g/kg milk
32
Foal Birth weight
10% of adult | 50kg
33
Weaning age
5-6months
34
Working horse | Protein
12-16%
35
Weaning protein | Protein
14%
36
Race horse diet
6kg hay 8kg grass 5kg conc minerals + vitamins
37
Stallion | non-breeding vs breeding
DE: 84 120 CP: 860 920
38
Muscular Disorders PSSM HYPP RER
PSSM: Polysacharid storage myopathy HYPP: Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis RER: Recurrent excertional radbomylysis
39
Horse obesity
Body fat >20/25% of body mass BCS 7: over weight BC8-9: Obese Cresty neck: leptin deposits
40
Obesity factors
``` more energy intake vs expenditure low excercise Genetics Alter hormonal balance > Leptin resistance > Hyperletinemia: decrease insulin sensitivity ```
41
Obesity at risk horses
``` > Orthopedic problems > Endocrine and metabolism disorders > EMS, Insulin resistance, Glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia >Abd or intestinal disorders: > dedunculated lipomas Other risk: > Heat tolerance, exercise intolerance ```
42
Hyperinsulemia
> 20umol/L | Cushings, corticosteroids, genetics, obesity, lack of exercise
43
Equine metabolic syndrome
obesity, insulin resistance, laminitis Diagnose: Glucose/insulin test Cs: abnormal fatty deposits on the rump
44
PPID= Cushing disease
> 15 year old Hypophysis adenoma (degenerative neurological disorder) Weigh loss, skeletal muscle atrophy Laminitis, immunosuppression Diagnosis: ACTH Treatment: Perglod Diet: Alfalfa + oils (omega 3) + antioxidants
45
Weight loss and EMS diet
Increase exercise No grain, hay based 1.5% BW Soak hay to remove sugars Limit grass: muzzle
46
Carbohydrate overload
Pasture associated laminitis > Starch or fructan Altering microflora, incr lactic acid prod, decreasing pH > endo and exotoxin cross membrane causing inflammation.

Nutrition 2 (12 decks)

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