Hort 102 Ch 5/6 Test

Question 1

T/F When an exact duplicate of a plant is desired, asexual propagation must be used.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F Weeds affect plants.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F Propagation is when plants duplicate themselves.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F Use of human hair is effective against deer.

Answer 4

False (they become accustomed to it)

Question 5

T/F The adult stage of insects causes the most economic devastation to crops.

Answer 5

False (larva and nymph)

Question 6

T/F Type of mouthpart is important to identify and control insects

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F Ramet is when many plants are reproduced asexually from a single plant

Answer 7

False (group of plants is a clone, each individual plant withing the clone is a ramet p 81)

Question 8

T/F An infectious agent is when a plant has the agent active on its surface

Answer 8

False (infestious)

Question 9

T/F A current pesticide applicator’s liscence is required to purchase and use most well known and widely used pesticides

Answer 9

False

Question 10

MC Runners

Answer 10

p 81 Stems that form along the ground and form new plants at one or more of their nodes

Question 11

MC Meiosis

Answer 11

Is a sequence of cell divisions that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Gametes are formed (sexual reproduction)

Question 12

MC Mitosis

Answer 12

(asexual reproduction) Is normal division of a cell nucleous that occurs as a plant grows.

Question 13

MC Virus

Answer 13

Is the smallest of the pathogens.
Can only be seen with an electron microscope.
Reproduces only withing a living host

Question 14

MC Bacteria

Answer 14

Lacks a true nucleous–no membrane
Lacks chlorophyll
Obtains nutrients from living and nonliving sources

Question 15

MC Nematode

Answer 15

Non segmented roundworms

Tremendous number of nonparasitic nematodes exist in soil and the environment

Question 16

MC Fungi

Answer 16

Organisms with thread-like structures
They enter plants through natural openings or wounds or penetrate directly through intact tissues
Do not produce their own food through photosysnthesis because they contain no chlorophyll

Question 17

MC Grafting

Answer 17

p 84 The upper part of one plant is joined to the lower part of a compatable species.

Question 18

MC Layering

Answer 18

p 82 Roots develop on a stem that is still attached to the parent plant.

Question 19

MC Infestious

Answer 19

When a plant has the active agent on its surface

Question 20

MC Infectious

Answer 20

When the plant has the active agent within it

Question 21

The method of propogation selected by a grower is based on

Answer 21

Ease of propogation
Number of plants needed
Rate of growth of the species
characteristics desired in the new plant
Desire to avoid disease in the parent plant
Desire to perpetrate a mutation developing in a parent plant
Cost
Characteristics desired in the new plant

Question 22

Four conditions for disease

Answer 22

Timing
Susceptable
Pathogen present
Environment favorable

Question 23

Disease

Answer 23

Infectious organisms (pathogens) that multiply and spread to other nearby plants. Most pathogens are microscopic and include bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses, and parasitic plants

Question 24

Three major characteristics of pathogens

Answer 24

Microscopic
Reproduce prolifically
Remarkable ability to survive

Question 25

Three types of metamorphosis and list the life stages of each

Answer 25

None--goes from earlist stage to adult looking the same, except bigger in size Complete--egg, larva, pupa, adult Incomplete--egg, nymph, adult

Question 26

Scarification with example

Answer 26

Breaking the seed coat to allow water uptake by the embryo (acid or scratch)

Question 27

stratification with example

Answer 27

Exposure of seeds to low temperature (refrigerate or winter)

Question 28

Which stage of an insect's life causes the mose economic damage?

Answer 28

(Non-adult stages) Incomplete--nymph, Complete--larva

Question 29

List six most common types of mouth parts with example

Answer 29

``` Chewing, grasshopper Chewing-lapping, bees Rasping-sucking, thrips Siphoning, butterfly Sponging, fly Piercing-sucking, aphids ```

Question 30

Definition of a weed

Answer 30

A plant having no economic value

Question 31

List three ways that weeds affect plants adversely

Answer 31

Compete for space, nutrients, water, light, heat, energy, and CO2 Shades crops Alternate host for insects Crowding Contamination of soil Produce chemicals that inhibit germination and growth

Question 32

What is IPM?

Answer 32

Integrated Pest Management--an efficient and environmentally safe method of pest control that combines chemical and non chemical controls

Question 33

List the five methods of IPM and give an example

Answer 33

Cultural--crop rotation Mechanical--hand-pulling, pruning to remove damaged part of plant Biological--using lady bugs to control aphids Preventative--quarantines to prevent spread of pest Chemical--pesticides

Question 34

List pesticide signal word and level of toxicity

Answer 34

Danger-poison, High Warning, Moderate Caution, Low

Question 35

What is a hybrid?

Answer 35

A plant that results from crossbreeding two different parent plants (from glossary, p 654)

Question 36

What is hybrid vigor?

Answer 36

When inbred plant species are crossed, the F1 hybrid generation may have qualities superior to those of either parent p 89.

Question 37

What is drift?

Answer 37

.

Question 38

Know the methods of asexual propagation and examples on pp 81-83.

Answer 38

``` Runners, strawberry Stolon, dogwood Sucker shoots, black locust Bulbs, daffodils Layering, rubber plant Cuttings, chrysanthemums Grafting, roses or fruit trees Budding, roses or fruit trees Division of the crown, hosta Tissue culture, orchids Apomictic embryos, grasses or fruits ```

Question 39

Label the parts of an insect

Answer 39

``` head mouth antennae legs wings abdomen thorax ```