HORT Test 1: Week 1 (Aug 24) Flashcards
(33 cards)
Many living plants today have existed for…
millions of years
How many years have Gymnosperms (conifers) existed for?
200 Million - 150 Million years
How many years have angiosperms (flowering) existed for?
70 Million - 60 Million years
What kind of horticulture crops are prominent in ancient civilizations?
- figs
- dates
- grapes
- olives
- pomegranates
- garlic
- melons
- Artichokes
What are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
One of the 7 wonders of the Ancient world
What are the Horticulture crops of New World Origin?
potato
sweetpotato
sweet corn
squash
pumpkin
beans
tomato
peppers
pineapple
blueberries
What is taxonomy?
The science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names living things.
What are are the 2 different ways plants can be classified?
Common name
- May be misinterpreted
Scientific Name (genus + species)
- Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)
- Dioscorea rotundata (yam)
What is the general basis of placing plants into each of these 8 major taxa’s?
What has cells that contain a nucleus, is multi-cellular, chlorophyll-containing, having a cell wall, and is essential for animal/human survival?
Eukaryotic
What are the sub-kingdoms of the plant kingdom (plantea)?
- Cryptogams (spore-bearing plants)
- Mosses, horsetails, ferns - Phanerogams (seed-bearing plants)
- Gymnosperms: plants that have “naked seeds” (without an ovary); examples cycads, conifers, (pine cone)
- Angiosperms: plants that have an ovule (egg) that is fertilized and develops into a seed
What are 2 classes of Angiosperms (flowering plants); about 80% of all green plants
- Monocotyledon (monocot)
- One seed leaf or cotyledon (examples: onion, sweet corn, lily, palm) - Dicotyledon (dicot)
- Two seed leaves or cotyledons (examples: tomato, bean, cucumber, apple)
The cotyledon is the seed leaf; the first true leaf emergest later
What are examples of angiosperms?
Monocotyledons (monocots) and Dicotyledons (dicots)
Monocots seeds have “one leaf” know as….
Cotyledon
Dicots have 2 ______
cotyledons
Explain characteristics of Monocotyledons (monocots):
- one seed leaf
- floral parts usually in multiples of 3
- leaf veins are parallel
- stem has multiple and scattered vascular bundles (consisting of phloem, cambium, and xylem)
- no central pith tissue (storage area)
- no separable bark in perennial trees
grafting and budding not possible (example :palm tree)
Explain characteristics of Dicotyledon (dicots):
- two seed leaves
- floral parts usually in multiples of 4 or 5
network of leaf veins - vascular bundles located in a concentric ring, near perimeter of stem (phloem-outer layer; cambium-middle layer; xylem-inner layer)
- central pith tissue within the stem
- separable bark in perennial trees
allows for grafting and budding (example: citrus)
Monocot stem vs. Dicot stem
Plant classification based on agro-climate zone adaptability:
- Tropical
- Sub tropical
- Temperate
Cool season plants:
There is plant classification based on temperature requirements
-potato
-onion, leek, shallots
-lettuce, spinach, endive
-radish, pea
-cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, rutabaga, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, kale, collards
-carrot, parsnip
-beet, turnip, Swiss chard
-tulip
-pansy
Warm season plants:
There is plant classification based on temperature requirements
-sweetpotato
-tomato
-pepper
-eggplant
-cucumber
-pumpkin
-squash
-melons, watermelon
-sweet corn
-okra
Cool season turfgrass adaptability on temperature requirement:
- Kentucky bluegrass
- fescues
- ryegrasses
Warm season turfgrass adaptability on temperature requirement:
- St. Augustine
- Zoysia
- Bermuda grass
- Centipede
- Bahia grass
What is an annual plant?
Plant Classification Based on Seasonal Growth Cycle
- A plant that completes its life cycle in a single growing season
- Examples: watermelon, cucumber, squash, pumpkin, sweet corn, pea, snap bean
