Hospital and Kennel Design

Question 1

what are the 5 freedoms?

Answer 1

freedom from hunger and thirst
freedom from discomfort
freedom from pain, injury and disease
freedom to express normal behaviour
freedom from fear and distress

Question 2

what law are the 5 freedoms part of?

Answer 2

Animals Welfare Act

Question 3

what year was the Animal Welfare Act made law?

Answer 3

2007

Question 4

what are the main considerations when setting up boarding kennels?

Answer 4

enough space for expression of normal behaviour
structures that allow proper disinfection
enrichment and prevention of boredom
company - if appropriate

Question 5

what are some of the challenges of meeting the 5 freedoms in a hospital environment?

Answer 5

may be limitations on space that can be allowed due to injury or disease
normal behaviour is likely to be interrupted by examination/treatment
decontamination and infection control are even more crucial
need for barrier nursing
enrichment may be difficult if movement needs to be restricted - still important wherever possible
company is not usually appropriate

Question 6

when may company be appropriate for hospitalised patients?

Answer 6

paired rabbits or guinea pigs where separation is likely to cause extreme distress

Question 7

what areas is concrete an appropriate material for?

Answer 7

outdoor runs

Question 8

what are the advantages of concrete?

Answer 8

cheap

Question 9

what are the disadvantages of concrete?

Answer 9

time consuming to clean
heats up when in direct sunlight - burnt paws
cold in winter
some patients unwilling to urinate/defecate on this

Question 10

what are the problems with using tiling?

Answer 10

challenging to clean and grouting provides ideal place for bacteria to collect as it is very difficult to disinfect
slippery - injury risk
hard and cold - lost of bedding required

Question 11

what are the advantages of stainless steel kennels?

Answer 11

relatively cheap
manufactured to fit available space
easy to clean (apart from doors)
non-porous

Question 12

what are the disadvantages of stainless steel kennels?

Answer 12

slippery - may need non-slip mats which are another thing to clean
reflective - unsettling for some patients
loud

Question 13

what are the advantages of fibreglass kennels?

Answer 13

hardwearing
easy to clean - including doors
non-reflective
easy to spot contaminants due to white colour
not as noisy

Question 14

why are clean edges preferable to corners?

Answer 14

clean edges are easy to ensure that the kennel is fully clean

Question 15

what are the advantages of stainless steel doors?

Answer 15

better ventilation

Question 16

what are the disadvantages of stainless steel doors?

Answer 16

harder to clean

Question 17

what are the advantages of glass/plastic doors?

Answer 17

easier to clean

can adapt to an oxygen kennel

Question 18

what are the disadvantages of glass/plastic doors?

Answer 18

poor ventilation/temperature control

Question 19

what should be housed on the same ward?

Answer 19

same species - not acceptable to house predator and prey on the same ward

Question 20

how many air changes an hour are needed to ensure clean air on a ward?

Answer 20

4-8 minimum

Question 21

why is air conditioning and circulation so important?

Answer 21

reduces likelihood of airborne diseases
humidity control
temperature regulation

Question 22

what are the 2 types of ventilation of a room?

Answer 22

active

passive

Question 23

what is active ventilation of a room?

Answer 23

extractor fans and air conditioning

Question 24

what is passive ventilation of a room?

Answer 24

widows and doors - covered with mesh screens

Question 25

is active or passive ventilation of a room preferable?

Answer 25

active

Question 26

what is the correct temperature range for the ward?

Answer 26

18-22 degrees

Question 27

why is temperature control so important?

Answer 27

warmth/cooling of patients and staff for comfort | building maintenance and prevention of mould

Question 28

what is used for environmental heating?

Answer 28

central heating/thermostat underfloor heating air conditioning/heating system portable radiators

Question 29

what is used for local heating?

Answer 29

heat lamp (exotics) heat pads - watch for burns fan heaters/coolers

Question 30

where should local heating not be used?

Answer 30

immobile patients as they are likely to burn themselves

Question 31

what are 6 examples of types of bedding materials?

Answer 31

``` fleece bedding (Vetbed) blankets/towels covered foam wedges newspaper incontinence pads bean bags ```

Question 32

what are the 3 main patient considerations for kennel design?

Answer 32

temperament of animal disease process or injury link to the care plan

Question 33

what are the main considerations of disease process or injury when looking at kennel design?

Answer 33

mobility degree of assistance needed stability temperature regulation (BOAS)

Question 34

what are the main considerations of the care plan when looking at kennel design?

Answer 34

what can the animal do what can't they do what do they like and dislike?

Question 35

what are the main considerations of patient temperament when looking at kennel design?

Answer 35

safety first hands free approach where possible lead on at all times and out under the door to enure control of dog before kennel is opened fearful animals at floor level buster collars to reduce bite risk blankets or towels to remove fearful patients from kennel never leave patients muzzled in a kennel

Question 36

what are the main considerations of mobility when looking at kennel design?

Answer 36

``` acute or chronic issue ambulatory or non-ambulatory restriction of mobility may be necessary - small kennel or pharmacutical soft beds/padding ramps from kennel non -slip mats ```

Question 37

what are the main considerations of pain when looking at kennel design?

Answer 37

location of pain orthopaedic pain abdominal/pelvic/thoracic pain - lifting should be reduced, consider sliding on sheet

Question 38

what are the main considerations of critical patients when looking at kennel design?

Answer 38

constant monitoring rapid access to crash trolley ventilator or anaesthetic machine

Question 39

what are the main considerations of recumbancy management when looking at kennel design?

Answer 39

thick bedding incontinence sheets to reduce laundry vet bed on top to wick away urine and prevent urine scalds high risk for decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) enough space around/in kennel for multiple staff members to lift patient (esp. if over 15kg)

Question 40

what are the main considerations of infectious cases when looking at kennel design?

Answer 40

barrier nursing housed in dedicated isolation ward consider possible restrictions of monitoring placed by isolation ward if no isolation ward - cordon off kennel and use seperate bin equipment etc never house infectious patient above a well one limit access to patient