Hospital Pharmacy Flashcards
(266 cards)
1
Q
Institution where the injured or ill may receive medical, surgical, or psychiatric,
nursing care, food, and lodging
A
Hospital
2
Q
Institution providing patient services, diagnosis, and treatment
A
Hospital
3
Q
Hospital is Organized structure of:
A
Healthcare professional
Diagnostic and treatment facilities equipment and supplies
Physical facilities
4
Q
MaMaSoRy napanak jay
A
Mobility
Medical procedures
Setting
Recovery
5
Q
Clinic is a Facility where _____________________ are seen for special study and treatment by
a group of physicians practicing together
A
Ambulatory patient
6
Q
Facility where ambulatory patient are seen for special study and treatment by
a group of physicians practicing together
A
Clinic
7
Q
Differentiate hospital and clinic in terms of
Size
A
Larger
Smaller
8
Q
Differentiate hospital and clinic in terms of range of services
A
More
Less
9
Q
Differentiate hospital and clinic in terms of
Patient
A
Inpatient/ outpatient
Out patient
10
Q
Differentiate hospital and clinic in terms of
Emergency services
A
24/7
Limited
11
Q
Differentiate hospital and clinic in terms of
Procedures
A
Complex surgery
Less complex
12
Q
What are the Function of a hospital
A
PaWER
patient care
Wellness/ public health
Education/ training
Research/ Innovation
13
Q
Diagnosis, treatment, preventive medicine,
dental care, personalized care, rehabilitation,
convalescent care
A
Patient care
14
Q
Promotion of overall health, prevention of
illnesses, screening and detecting programs
A
Wellness/ Public health
15
Q
For medical and allied health professionals and
patients
A
Education/ Training
16
Q
For advancement of medical knowledge and
improvement of hospital services
A
Research/ innovation
17
Q
what are the requirements of a hospital
A
Governing authority
CEO
Current / complete medical records
Organized medical staff
Pharmacy services
PATIENT SERVICE
Patients
Minimum of 6 patient bedS
Health and safety
18
Q
acts as a liaison officer; in-charge of day-to-day operations
A
CEO
19
Q
Most important requirements of a hospital
A
Patient services
20
Q
Sources of income
A
In patient/ outpatient
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
GOVERNMENT
Third party
Insurance
Donation
Fund and investment
21
Q
Primary source of income
A
Inpatient outpatient
22
Q
Secondary source of income
A
Hospital Pharmacy
23
Q
For subsidized source of income
A
Government
24
Q
HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS source of income
A
Third party
25
What are the classification of a hospital
BOLT
Bed capacity
Ownership
Length of stay
Type of services
26
Bed capacity
A < 50
B 50-99
C 100-199
D 200-299
E 300-399
F 400-499
27
Bed capacity
< 50
A
28
Bed capacity
50-99
B
29
Bed capacity 100-199
C
30
BED CAPACITY
200-299
D
31
Bed capacity 300-399
E
32
Bed capacity 400-499
F
33
Bed capacity is small
Small < 100
34
Bed capacity is medium
Medium 500-1000
35
BED capacity is
Large
Large > 1000
36
Tyoe of ownership
Government (public)
Private
37
Ownership:
Government what are their types
National
Federal
Municipal/ city
38
supported by the national government (e.g., Philippine
General Hospital)
National
39
operated by branches of the federal government (e.g.,
Veterans Memorial Medical Center
Federal
40
Example of federal hospital
Veterans Memorial Medical Center
41
supported by the national government to help the local
populations (e.g., Ospital ng Maynila)
City/ Municipal
42
Private hospital is classified by two what are those
Non- profited oriented
Profit oriented
43
Examples of nonprofited orient private hospital
Church-oriented
* Fraternal order
* Community
* Company
44
Example of profit oriented private hospital
Individual
* Partnership – NLT 3
* Corporation – NLT 15
45
Length of stay is either
Short term
Long term
46
Length of stay is LT 30 days
Short term in General Hospital
47
Length of stay is LT 30 days in special hospital
Long term
48
Types of services
General Hospital
Special Hospital
rehabilitation/ chronic disease
Psychiatric hospital
49
All kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries, or
deformities
General Hospital
50
Specified disease or condition, or in one type of
patient
Special Hospital
51
* Restorative and adjustive services
* For handicapped / disabled patients
* Place of refuge and recovery
Rehabilitation hospital/ chronic disease
52
For mental illnesses
Psychiatric hospital
53
Categories of general hospital
Clinical services
Ancillary service
Either primary (level 1)
Secondary L2
Tertiary L3
54
Consulting services in:
* General medicine
* Pediatrics
* Surgery
* Nonsurgical gynecology
* Dental clinic
* Isolation facilities
* Emergency and outpatient
services
* Maternity facilities
LEVEL 1 PRIMARY
CLINICAL SERVICES
55
* Pharmacy
* Secondary clinical lab
* Blood station
* 1st-level x-ray
Ancillary service, Primary service (L1)
56
Level 2 clinical services
* Teaching / training
program
* Physical medicine and
rehabilitation unit
* Ambulatory surgical clinic
* Dialysis clinic
Clinical services, tertiary L3
57
Pharmacy
* Tertiary clinical lab
* Blood station
* 2nd-level x-ray with
contrast and mobile
unit
Ancillary service
,Secondary l2
58
Level 1 clinical services
* Departmentalized
clinical services
* Units:
* Respiratory unit
* General ICU
* Neonatal ICU
* High-risk
pregnancy unit
CLINICAL SERVICES, Secondary
L2
59
Pharmacy
* Tertiary clinical lab with
histopathology
* Blood bank
* 3rd-level x-ray with
interventional radiology
Ancillary service,
L3 TERTIARY
60
Type of services in special hospital
Fabella Memorial Hospital
* San Lazaro Hospital
* Research Institute and Topical Medicine
* Quezon Institute
* Tala Hospital
61
Fabella Memorial Hospital
OB Gyne
62
Quezon Institute
TB
63
Communicable and infectious diseasse hospital
San Lazaro Hospital
* Research Institute and Topical Medicine
64
Tala Hospital
Formerly leprosarium
65
Ambulatory patients seen by appointment
Clinic
66
Treatment by a group of physician practicing together
operational diagnosis facility
Clinic
67
Convalescent / long-term care
Long term Healthcare facility
68
Provides medical, comprehensive, preventive,
rehabilitative, social, spiritual, and emotional in-patient
care to individuals
Long term Healthcare facility
69
Facility providing safe, hygienic and living arrangements
for residents
Residential Treatment facility
70
Special type if health care facility
Clinic
Long term Healthcare facility
Residential Treatment facility
Ambulatory surgery center
Birthing homes
Health Maintenance Organization
71
Classification of health care facility
Primacy care ( Category A)
Custodial care ( Category B)
Diagnostic Facility ( Category C)
Specialized out patient (Category D)
72
Offers basic services including
emergency services and provision
for normal deliveries
Primacy care ( Category A)
73
First contact healthcare facilitie
Primacy care ( Category A)
74
Provides long-term care
Custodial care ( Category B)
75
Examines the human body or
specimens from the human body for
the diagnosis or sometimes
treatment of disease
Diagnostic Facility ( Category C)
76
Performs highly specialized
procedures on an out-patient basis
Specialized out patient ( Category D)
77
Facility where patients are admitted for minor surgical
procedures and discharged afterwards
Ambulatory surgery center
78
Maternity services on:
* Pre and postnatal care
* Normal, spontaneous vaginal delivery
* Care of newborn babies
Birthing homes
79
Public or private organization which provides
comprehensive health services to individuals enrolled with
such organization on a per capita pre-payment basis
Health Maintenance Organization
80
pioneer HMO in the Philippines
Health maintenance incorporation
81
Supporting services in the hospitals
Ancillary service
82
Ancillary services are
Medical record services
Medical social service
Dietary service
Central supply serviec
Blood bank
83
Basis for planning and continuity of patient care
* Provide data for use in research education of the care
rendered to the patient
Medical record services
84
Liaison between the hospital, patient, and community
Medical social service
85
Procurement, planning, and preparation of food for the
patient and hospital staff
Dietary service
86
Sterile linen, operating room packs and other medical
surgical supplies
Central supply serviec
87
Under the supervision of a licensed physician who has a basic interest in hematology
Blood bank
88
Anesthetic care
Anesthesia
89
Diagnostic and therapeutic application of radiant energy
Radiology
90
Cytological and gross anatomical analysis
* Clinical laboratories
Pathology
91
Composed of physicians only
MEDICAL STAFF
92
nurses, pharmacists, etc.
Allied medical staff
93
Certain MDs (other than the
attending/active) are allowed to
use the facilities
Open medical staff
94
Not a regular staff of the
hospital
Open medical staff
95
Exclusive and affiliated with the
hospital
Clinical medical staff
96
All services provided and
controlled by the
attending/active
Clinical medical staff
97
Regular staff of the hospital
Clinical medical staff
98
2 types of medical staff
Open medical staff
Clinical medical staff
99
Medical staff: Groups / groups of medical staff
Honorary
Consulting
Attending/ active
Associate medical staff
Courtesy medical staff
Resident medical staff
100
Retired or emeritus practitioners
Honorary
101
Given to a former member whom medical staff choose to
honor (honored due to outstanding contribution)
Honorary
102
pass a specialty board exam and a member of a
specialty organization / society
Specialist
Under
Consulting
103
Medical practitioners of recognized professional ability
Consulting
104
Gives advice to the active staff, but not member of the
staff
Consulting
105
Most active
Attending/ active
106
Involved in regular patient care (patient rounds)
Attending/ active
107
Direct involvement with the staff organizational and and administrative duties
Attending/ active
108
Associate medical staff is also known as
Junior staff
109
Being considered for advancement to the active
medical staff
Associate medical staff
110
Junior staff is also knwon as
Associate medical staff
111
Not a member but allowed to attend to a private
patient
Courtesy medical staff
112
Not compensated by the hospital
Courtesy medical staff
113
Usually applies to private hospitals only
Courtesy medical staff
114
Full-time
Resident medical staff
115
Offer patient care in exchange for training
Resident medical staff
116
Like internship
Resident medical staff
117
Practice of pharmacy in a hospital setting including its organizationally related
facilities or services
Hospital pharmacy
118
Department / division of the hospital where the procurement, storage,
compounding, dispensing, and distribution of medications are performed by legally
qualified and professionally competent pharmacists and their assistants
Hospital pharmacy
119
First American hospital pharmacist
Jonathan Roberts
120
Influenced changes in the
development of professional pharmacy
in North America
John Morgan
121
Revision of the USP and instrumental
in the creation of the national
formulary
Charles Rice
122
First president of the Philippine
Society of Hospital Pharmacists
(PSHP), 1962
Dr. Rosario Capistrano Tan
123
Current president of the PSHP
Christina Liza R. Sta. Maria
124
Plan, coordinate, and supervise departmental activities
Administrative services
division
125
Develop policies
Administrative services
division
126
Make schedule of staff
Administrative services
division
127
Coordinate administrative needs of the P&TC
Administrative services
division
128
Coordinate activities of undergraduate / graduate programs of pharmacy students
Education / training
division
129
Hospital-wide education program
Education / training
division
130
Train newly employed personnel
Education / training
division
131
Develop new formulations and improve existing ones
Pharmaceutical research
division
132
Conduct clinical trials
Pharmaceutical research
division
133
Cooperate in research
Pharmaceutical research
division
134
Perform drug analyses
* Develop and revise assay procedures
* Assist in research
Assay / quality control
division
135
Perform drug analyses
Assay / quality control
division
136
Develop and revise assay procedures
Assay / quality control
division
137
Assist in research
Assay / quality control
division
138
Compound and dispense out-patient prescriptions
Inspect / control of drugs
* Maintain prescription records
* Provide drug consultation / patient counselling
Out-patient services
division
139
Compound and dispense out-patient prescriptions
Out-patient services
division
140
Inspect / control of drugs
Out-patient services
division
141
Maintain prescription records
Out-patient services
division
142
Provide drug consultation / patient counselling
Out-patient services
division
143
Maintain and provide drug information and drug therapy
to hospital staff
Drug information service
144
Create hospital pharmacy newsletter
Drug information service
145
Maintain and provide drug information and drug therapy
to hospital staff
* Create hospital pharmacy newsletter
Drug information service
146
Procurement, storage, and dispensing of radioisotopes
Radiopharmaceutical
division
147
Involves proper handling and control
Radiopharmaceutical
division
148
Maintain drug inventory
Purchasing and
inventory control
division
149
Purchase, receive, store, and distribute drugs
Purchasing and
inventory control
division
150
Interview medical representatives
Purchasing and
inventory control
division
151
Purchasing and
inventory control
division
Compute for _______
* Ratio – ___
* Preferred result – ___
Satisfactory rate – ____
Compute for TURN OVER RATE
* Ratio – ANNUAL PURCHASE/ ANNUAL INVENTORY
* Preferred result – HIGH TURN OVER RATE
Satisfactory rate – EVERY 3 MONTHS
152
Manufacture commonly used items in the hospital
Manufacturing and
packaging division
153
Drug packaging
Manufacturing and
packaging division
154
Unit dose program
Manufacturing and
packaging division
155
Produce small volume parenteral
Sterile products division
156
Manufacture sterile, ophthalmic, irrigating solutions
Sterile products division
157
Perform aseptic dilution
Sterile products division
158
Review each IV admixture for incompatibilities
IV admixture division
159
Work with IV therapy nurses
IV admixture division
160
Centralize the preparation of IV admixture
IV admixture division
161
Control and dispense IV fluids and regulated drugs
Departmental /
dispensing services
division
162
Coordinate and control all drug delivery distribution
system
Departmental /
dispensing services
division
163
Types of IV administration
IV injection
IV infusion/ drip
164
IV injection/ is aka __ when administered
quickly
Aka IV push/ Bolus
165
For relatively small volume of solution from a syringe
IV injection/ IV push/ Bolus
166
For larger volume of a solution
IV infusion/ drip
167
Drip into the vein
IV infusion/ drip
168
IV infusion/ drip types
Continuous
* Intermittent
* Piggyback
169
Beyond use dates (BUD)
Aqueous solutions
14 days
170
Beyond use dates (BUD)
Refrigerated oral preparation
14 days
171
Beyond use dates (BUD)
Non-refrigerated oral preparation
7 days
172
Beyond use dates (BUD)
TPN
24 hrs
173
Beyond use dates (BUD)
TPN and example
Vitamins ; 14 hrs
174
Medication order review
¡ Supervision of medication administration
¡ Medication / therapy monitoring
Patient care area
175
HOSPITAL PHARMACIST RESPONSIBILITIES
Patient care area
Dispensing area
Additional: maintenance of the emergency cart
176
PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE is also knwon as
Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC)
177
PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE is Composed of:
At least three physicians – PTC chairperso
Pharmacist - PTC secretary
Representative of the nursing staff
Hospital administrator
Quality assurance coordinator
178
PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE
Meeting schedule:
At least 6 times a year
For large hospitals: 10-12 times a year
179
Main function of PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE
Advisory and educational
180
What are the functions of PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE
¡ Manage the formulary system
¡ Evaluate the clinical use of the drug
Supervise the use of investigational drugs
¡ Develop policies for managing drug use and drug administration
¡ Develop and recommend to the medical staff and the administration on matters related
to therapeutic use of the drug and drug administration
181
Selection upto using the drug
Drug management cycle
182
Drug management cycle
Selection
Procurement
Distribution
Use
183
Identifying and choosing the most appropriate
pharmaceutical products to meet the healthcare needs of
patients within a specific healthcare setting
Selection
184
Acquisition of selected pharmaceutical products through
purchasing or sourcing channels
Procurement
185
Transportation, storage, and management of pharmaceutical
products from the point of procurement to the point of use
Distribution
186
Administration and monitoring of pharmaceutical products to patients according to prescribed treatment regimens
Use
187
Continually revised compilation of pharmaceuticals that reflects current clinical judgment of
medical staff
FORMULARY
188
Main formulary:
PNDF
Philippine National Drug Formulary
189
PNDF Is also knwon as
Essential drug list
190
__ – list of drugs deemed to satisfy the needs of the majority of the population
Essential drug list/ PNDF
191
The government’s response to the problem of inadequate provision of good quality essential drugs to
people
PNDF
192
PNDF is divided into 2
Core/ main list
Complimentary list
193
For most healthcare needs
Core/ main list
194
Available at all times, in adequate
amounts, and in appropriate dosage
forms and cost
Core/ main list
195
Alternative drugs
Complimentary list
196
Treating rare disorders or in
exceptional circumstances
Complimentary list
197
For hypersensitivity reactions,
resistance, patient tolerance
Complimentary list
198
Types of formulaRy
Open
Closed
Restricted
Negative
199
All drugs in the market can be included
Open formulary
200
Exclusive list of drugs (e.g., PNDF)
Closed formulary
201
Limits certain classes of drugs
Restricted formulary
202
List of drugs which cannot be
prescribed
Negative formulary
203
Management of routine ordering processes
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
204
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT is also known as
heart of drug supply system
205
Types of inventory
Cycle stock
Safety stock
206
Most active
* Drugs first prescribed and dispensed to
patients
Cycle Stock
207
Safety Stock is aka
Buffer stock
208
Protect against the fluctuations in
demand or supply
* Prevent stockouts
Safety Stock
209
Types of cost
Acquisition Cost
Procurement Cost
Opportunity Cost
Carrying Cost
Customer
Dissatisfaction
210
Mark-ups, discounts, and cost inherent in
the product itself
Acquisition Cost
211
Cost of shipping, receiving, stocking, and
bookkeeping
Procurement Cost
212
Cost of something in terms of something
else that could be purchased and sold
instead
Opportunity Cost
213
Cost of holding inventor
Carrying Cost
214
Hardest to determine, but easily
observable
Customer
Dissatisfaction
215
Customer
Dissatisfaction Common cause is
Stock out
216
Means of Inventory Control and Monitoring
Visual Inspection
Periodic Inspection
ABC Method
Pareto Method
217
Most commonly employed Means of Inventory Control and Monitoring
Visual Inspec7on
218
It is the number of
items remaining on a shelf
Visual Inspec7on
219
Rou8nely inspect designated inventory
levels
Periodic Inspec7on
220
Based on priority (A- highest;
C –lowest)
ABC Method
221
Pareto Method aka
Aka 80/20 method
222
Means of Restocking
ABC Analysis
VEN System
223
Categorizes items by volume and value
of consumptions
ABC Analysis
224
VEN system stands for
Vital
Essential
Non-essential
225
VEN SYSTEM
Based on health impact
* Vital – __
* Essential – __
* Non-essential – _
Based on health impact
* Vital – life-saving
* Essential – less severe illnesses
* Non-essential – minor / self-
limiting diseases
226
Methods used to forecast and manage the demand for
inventory items within a supply chain or inventory management
system
Demand Systems
227
Demand system is either
Dependent
Independent
228
Differentiate dependent demand system and independent demand system
Based on the demand for the
final product or the production
schedule
For raw materials
Based on customer orders,
sales, trends, seasonality
For finished products
229
Approaches for managing the flow of goods through the supply
chain
Logistics System
230
Logistic system is either
Push
Pull
231
Differentiate push and pull logistics system
- Based on forecasts and
management decisions
- Pushed” by supplier → manufacturer → distributors
/ Based on customer demands
/ “Pulled” by customers from the
distributors ← manufacturer ←
supplier
232
Distribution 3 types
1. Floor stock / bulk ward
2. Individual prescription patient system
3. Unit-dose drug delivery system (UDDS) – gold standard
233
Use
Types
Drug Use Evaluation
Drug Utilization Review (DUR
234
Designed to foster appropriate
drug taking behaviors, ra8onal
decision making in the use of
drugs
Drug Use evaluation
235
Drug Use evaluation question to answer
“How do I use the drug?”
236
Review of medication profile to
ensure appropriateness of
prescription and medication
order
Drug Utilization review
237
Drug Utilization review question to answer
“Is the medicine right for me?
238
Types of Drug Utilization review
Prospective
Concurrent
Retrospective
239
Before prescribing and dispensing
* Check interac8ons, contraindica8ons,
etc.
Prospective
240
During treatment
* Real time adjustment takes place
Concurrent
241
Aker medica8on is taken
* Assess pajerns, trends, and outcomes
Retrospective
242
Predetermined list
of medications
available at patient
care area
Floor stock/ bulk ward
243
* No charge - for
universal patient
use (e.g., alcohol
Floor stock /
Bulk ward
244
Floor stock /
Bulk ward advantage
Readily available - for
emergency situations
* Less drug returns to the
pharmacy
* Reduced number of
pharmacy personnel
* Shorter turn-around time
between prescription and
drug administration
* Reduction in prescription
and transactions
245
Floor stock /
Bulk ward disadvantage
Prone to theft and
pilferage
* Increased incidence of
medication errors
* Increased drug
inventory
* Added burden to
nurses
* Lack of proper storage
facilities = drug
deterioration / degradation
246
Patient medication
compounded and
dispensed in the
pharmacy
Individual
prescription
patient system
247
For small hospitals
only
Individual
prescription
patient system
248
Individual
prescription
patient system advantage
Individualized service
* Directly reviewed by the
pharmacist = less
medication errors
* Monitored drug inventory
* Provides interaction of
RPh, MD, nurses, and
patients
249
Individual
prescription
patient system advantage
Time-consuming and
laborious
* Possible delay in the in
obtaining required
medication
* Increase in drug returns
* Increase in the cost of
patient information
250
Safest and most
accepted method of distribution
Unit-dose drug
delivery system
(UDDS)
251
Standard of practice
of most hospitals
* RPh prepares each
dose for
administration
(good for 24 hours)
in the pharmacy
Unit-dose drug
delivery system
(UDDS)
252
IV preparation and
reconstitution done
in the pharmac
Unit-dose drug
delivery system
(UDDS)
253
Unit-dose drug
delivery system
(UDDS) Advantage
Eliminate duplication of
orders
* Eliminate pilferage and drug
waste
* Improved communication of
medication orders and
delivery systems
* Cheaper for patients
* Nurse has more time for
direct patient care
* Decrease medication errors
* Eliminate excessive
paperwork
254
Unit-dose drug
delivery system
(UDDS) Types
Centralized
Decentralized
Combination
Partial
255
stocks in main / central
pharmacy
Centralized
256
stocks
in satellite pharmacies in
nurse stations
Decentralized
257
UDDS in
government hospital
Combination
258
due to
special circumstances of
hospitals
Partial
259
Authorized, structured, on-going system
for monitoring drug use through
comparison with specific standards and
initiation on appropriate actions when
results are inconsistent with the standards
Drug use evaluation
260
Authorized, structured, continuing
program which analyzes and interprets
patterns of drug use in a given healthcare
delivery system against a predetermined
standard
Drug Utilization review
261
262
263
264
265
266
