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Modalities > Hot and Cold > Flashcards

Hot and Cold Flashcards

1
Q

Heat ( Thermo therapy) Indications

A
  1. decrease pain and stiffness
  2. alleviate muscle spasms
  3. Increase ROM + tissue extensibility
  4. increase blood flow ( promote tissue healing
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2
Q

Precautions Heat

A
  1. Cardiac insufficiency
  2. Edema
  3. Decreased sensation
  4. Decreased mental status
  5. Impaired circulation
  6. Impaired thermal regulation
  7. Metal in treatment area
  8. Open wounds
  9. Demyelinated nerves
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3
Q

Contraindications Heat - 6

A
  1. Acute inflammatory conditions
  2. No sensation
  3. DVT
  4. Impaired cognitive function
  5. Malignant tumor in area of application
  6. Tendency toward hemorrhage- high level blood thinner
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4
Q

Moist Hot packs:
method and delivery ( what to do with it)

A

conduction
delivery: must be wrapped in 6-8 layers ( hydrocollator layers =2)

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5
Q

Parrafin Bath
method
good for this population
contraindications

A

Conduction
GOOD patients with arthritis just NOT active RA (inflammation)

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6
Q

contraindications parrafin bath -4

A

allergic rash,
open wounds,
recent scars,
skin infections

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7
Q

Whirlpool method

A

convention

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8
Q

whirlpool precautions-3

A

decreased sensation, decreased cognition, recent skin graft

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9
Q

whirlpool contraindications-1

A

open wound

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10
Q

Fluidotherapy
method, general tx thing

A

Convection
Can perform exercises while receiving heat
Tx time: 20 mins

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11
Q

Fluidotherapy
precautions

A

decreased sensation,
decreased cognition

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12
Q

Fluidotherapy
contraindicatoins

A

Cancer,
Open wounds,
Infections,
severe artery disease

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13
Q

cold therapy indications

A
  1. ↓ pain
  2. Reduce inflammation or swelling
  3. Alleviate muscle spasm
  4. Reduce spasticity
  5. Management in multiple sclerosis
  6. Cryostretch
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14
Q

cold therapy physiological effects

A

Used in acute trauma
Decreases cellular metabolism
Decreases pain/
increases pain threshold
Increases joint stiffness
Decreases nerve conduction velocity

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15
Q

Cold application blanching of skin due to

A

vasoconstriction

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16
Q

hyperemia around edge of contact area in normal tissue due to

A

decreased rate of oxyhemoglobin dissociation

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17
Q

Cold-induced vasodilation happens when and why

A

Increased redness after 15 mins = more blood flow to extremities

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18
Q

Cold urticarial:

A

redness of skin with hives and severe itching
adverse rxn to cold

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19
Q

Histamine reaction

A

puffy eyes, flushed face, breathing problems
severe = anaphalxysis ( decreased BP with increased HR) with fainting

20
Q

Raynaud’s Disease

A

blood vessels narrow in response to cold
pale then bluish color
treatment
1. just avoid cold
2. meds (Calcium channel blockers and phospondiesterse inhibitors )

21
Q

contraindications cold therapy

A

Cold hypersensitivity (urticarial)
Cold intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia
Peripheral vascular disease
Severe impaired temperature sensation
Raynaud’s diseases
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Over regenerating peripheral nerves

22
Q

Cold precautions

A

Hypertension
Impaired temperature sensation
Open wound
Over superficial nerve
Cognitive changes

23
Q

Guidelines for cryptotherapy
duration of tx and post tx precautions

A

Duration: 10–30 minutes (longer if casts/bandages), ice massage can be shorter
Post-Treatment Precautions:Avoid excess stresses to area 1–2 hours post-treatment

24
Q

Ice massage method

A

conduction

25
Q

ice massage application
when is anesthesia achieved

A

Applied to area no larger than 4x6 inches
Each stroke covering ½ of previous stroke circle
Continue until anesthesia achieved generally 5-10 minutes

26
Q

Ice massage pt. experience

A

cold, burning, aching, numbness

27
Q

Vapo coolant method and goal

A

evaporation
reduce muscle spasm and/or desensitize trigger points

28
Q

Vapo coolant application
1. how far away to spray what angle
2. passive stretch
3. active stretch

A
  1. spray from 18 to 24 inches away
    at 30 * angle
  2. Passively stretch after application, then apply moist heat
  3. Have patient perform active exercise
29
Q

contrast bath
method and goal

A

conduction
pain modulation ( alt. btw vasodilation / vasoconstriction)

30
Q

contrast bath indications

A

gets peripheral circulation system going
sprains,
strains

31
Q

ratio of warm to cold

A

4 to 1
4 mins warm , 1 minute cold

32
Q

when would you end with warm ( contrast bath)

A

pain modulation
typically end on warm

33
Q

when would you end with cold ( contrast bath)

A

REDUCE EDEMA

34
Q

how long are contrast baths

A

25 to 30 mins

35
Q

what is short wave diathermy

A

wave energy that produces deep heat w/in tissues ( 5 cm)

36
Q

which type of diathermy would help healing of wounds and diabetic ulcers

A

pulsed non thermal

37
Q

Pulsed non thermal used for

A

Pain control
Decrease edema
Resolution of acute and chronic infections
Wound control and soft tissue healing

38
Q

Continuous (Thermal) used for

A

Increased joint ROM
Pain management
Increased tissue healing

39
Q

Contraindications to Diathermy

A

Pregnancy
Implanted neural or cardiac stimulators

40
Q

contra for non pulsed diathermy

A

over ill organs
over metal things

41
Q

contra for continous diathermy

A

open epiphyses
metal implant
malignancy
vulnerable area ( testes or eyes)

42
Q

precautions to diathermy

A

near electronics, magnetics, metal

43
Q

diathermy capacitive method

A

ELECTRIC FIELD METHOD
= High frequency alternating current flows from one plate to other thru patient
= particles oscillate and tissue temp increases

44
Q

diathermy Inductive method

A

MAGNETIC FIELD METHOD
oscillating magnetic field = vibration increases tissue temp

45
Q

collagen, fat, and bone = —— conductivity

A

low conductivity

46
Q

muscle and synovial tissue = ——- conductivity

A

high conductivity

Modalities (6 decks)

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