Hot and Cold

Question 1

Heat ( Thermo therapy) Indications

Answer 1

1. decrease pain and stiffness
2. alleviate muscle spasms
3. Increase ROM + tissue extensibility
4. increase blood flow ( promote tissue healing

Question 2

Precautions Heat

Answer 2

1. Cardiac insufficiency
2. Edema
3. Decreased sensation
4. Decreased mental status
5. Impaired circulation
6. Impaired thermal regulation
7. Metal in treatment area
8. Open wounds
9. Demyelinated nerves

Question 3

Contraindications Heat - 6

Answer 3

1. Acute inflammatory conditions
2. No sensation
3. DVT
4. Impaired cognitive function
5. Malignant tumor in area of application
6. Tendency toward hemorrhage- high level blood thinner

Question 4

Moist Hot packs:
method and delivery ( what to do with it)

Answer 4

conduction
delivery: must be wrapped in 6-8 layers ( hydrocollator layers =2)

Question 5

Parrafin Bath
method
good for this population
contraindications

Answer 5

Conduction
GOOD patients with arthritis just NOT active RA (inflammation)

Question 6

contraindications parrafin bath -4

Answer 6

allergic rash,
open wounds,
recent scars,
skin infections

Question 7

Whirlpool method

Answer 7

convention

Question 8

whirlpool precautions-3

Answer 8

decreased sensation, decreased cognition, recent skin graft

Question 9

whirlpool contraindications-1

Answer 9

open wound

Question 10

Fluidotherapy
method, general tx thing

Answer 10

Convection
Can perform exercises while receiving heat
Tx time: 20 mins

Question 11

Fluidotherapy
precautions

Answer 11

decreased sensation,
decreased cognition

Question 12

Fluidotherapy
contraindicatoins

Answer 12

Cancer,
Open wounds,
Infections,
severe artery disease

Question 13

cold therapy indications

Answer 13

1. ↓ pain
2. Reduce inflammation or swelling
3. Alleviate muscle spasm
4. Reduce spasticity
5. Management in multiple sclerosis
6. Cryostretch

Question 14

cold therapy physiological effects

Answer 14

Used in acute trauma
Decreases cellular metabolism
Decreases pain/
increases pain threshold
Increases joint stiffness
Decreases nerve conduction velocity

Question 15

Cold application blanching of skin due to

Answer 15

vasoconstriction

Question 16

hyperemia around edge of contact area in normal tissue due to

Answer 16

decreased rate of oxyhemoglobin dissociation

Question 17

Cold-induced vasodilation happens when and why

Answer 17

Increased redness after 15 mins = more blood flow to extremities

Question 18

Cold urticarial:

Answer 18

redness of skin with hives and severe itching
adverse rxn to cold

Question 19

Histamine reaction

Answer 19

puffy eyes, flushed face, breathing problems
severe = anaphalxysis ( decreased BP with increased HR) with fainting

Question 20

Raynaud’s Disease

Answer 20

blood vessels narrow in response to cold
pale then bluish color
treatment
1. just avoid cold
2. meds (Calcium channel blockers and phospondiesterse inhibitors )

Question 21

contraindications cold therapy

Answer 21

Cold hypersensitivity (urticarial)
Cold intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia
Peripheral vascular disease
Severe impaired temperature sensation
Raynaud’s diseases
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Over regenerating peripheral nerves

Question 22

Cold precautions

Answer 22

Hypertension
Impaired temperature sensation
Open wound
Over superficial nerve
Cognitive changes

Question 23

Guidelines for cryptotherapy
duration of tx and post tx precautions

Answer 23

Duration: 10–30 minutes (longer if casts/bandages), ice massage can be shorter
Post-Treatment Precautions:Avoid excess stresses to area 1–2 hours post-treatment

Question 24

Ice massage method

Answer 24

conduction

Question 25

ice massage application when is anesthesia achieved

Answer 25

Applied to area no larger than 4x6 inches Each stroke covering ½ of previous stroke circle Continue until anesthesia achieved generally 5-10 minutes

Question 26

Ice massage pt. experience

Answer 26

cold, burning, aching, numbness

Question 27

Vapo coolant method and goal

Answer 27

evaporation reduce muscle spasm and/or desensitize trigger points

Question 28

Vapo coolant application 1. how far away to spray what angle 2. passive stretch 3. active stretch

Answer 28

1. spray from 18 to 24 inches away at 30 * angle 2. Passively stretch after application, then apply moist heat 3. Have patient perform active exercise

Question 29

contrast bath method and goal

Answer 29

conduction pain modulation ( alt. btw vasodilation / vasoconstriction)

Question 30

contrast bath indications

Answer 30

gets peripheral circulation system going sprains, strains

Question 31

ratio of warm to cold

Answer 31

4 to 1 4 mins warm , 1 minute cold

Question 32

when would you end with warm ( contrast bath)

Answer 32

pain modulation typically end on warm

Question 33

when would you end with cold ( contrast bath)

Answer 33

REDUCE EDEMA

Question 34

how long are contrast baths

Answer 34

25 to 30 mins

Question 35

what is short wave diathermy

Answer 35

wave energy that produces deep heat w/in tissues ( 5 cm)

Question 36

which type of diathermy would help healing of wounds and diabetic ulcers

Answer 36

pulsed non thermal

Question 37

Pulsed non thermal used for

Answer 37

Pain control Decrease edema Resolution of acute and chronic infections Wound control and soft tissue healing

Question 38

Continuous (Thermal) used for

Answer 38

Increased joint ROM Pain management Increased tissue healing

Question 39

Contraindications to Diathermy

Answer 39

Pregnancy Implanted neural or cardiac stimulators

Question 40

contra for non pulsed diathermy

Answer 40

over ill organs over metal things

Question 41

contra for continous diathermy

Answer 41

open epiphyses metal implant malignancy vulnerable area ( testes or eyes)

Question 42

precautions to diathermy

Answer 42

near electronics, magnetics, metal

Question 43

diathermy capacitive method

Answer 43

ELECTRIC FIELD METHOD = High frequency alternating current flows from one plate to other thru patient = particles oscillate and tissue temp increases

Question 44

diathermy Inductive method

Answer 44

MAGNETIC FIELD METHOD oscillating magnetic field = vibration increases tissue temp

Question 45

collagen, fat, and bone = ------ conductivity

Answer 45

low conductivity

Question 46

muscle and synovial tissue = ------- conductivity

Answer 46

high conductivity