Household Compounds- Phenolic, Detergents, And Bleach Flashcards
What species are most sensitive to phenolic compounds?
Cats are most sensitive (deficient in congregation to glucuronic acid)
What are the phenolic compounds?
Disinfectant, antiseptics, germicide
Where are phenolic compounds absorbed, metabolized, and excreted?
GI tract
Met: liver by conjugation to glucuronic acid
Ex: urine
What is the MOA of phenolic compounds?
Direct - coagulative necrosis (denature and precipitate proteins)
Hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic
Stimulate respiratory center causing hyperventilation and may be respiratory alkalosis —> compensatory metabolic acidosis
What are clinical signs associated with phenolic compounds?
Ataxia, weakness, tremors, coma, seizures, methemoglobinemia, respiratory alkalosis, and icterus
Dermal exposure —> coagulative necrosis, ulcers, and white plaques
Ocular exposure may cause corneal damage
Characteristic phenolic odor in expired air or skin
Phenolic compounds can be detected in what sample? What other lab changes will you see?
Urine
Proteinuria and hematuria
Eve lasted liver enzymes
What is the treatment of phenolic compounds?
Milk, egg white, or water followed by activated charcoal and saline cathartics
Skin decontaminated with soap and water
Supportive
- acetylcystine to prevent liver and kidney damage
- methylene blue for methemoglobinemia
CV, renal, kidney, acid-base status should be monitored and corrected if needed
List order of toxicity from most to least of the following..
Cationic detergents
Anionic detergents
Nonionic detergents
Phenolic
Phenolic > Cationic > anionic> nonionic
What is the MOA of detergents?
Direct irritation of skin and mucous membranes
Quaternatry ammonium (cationic detergents) bay be corrosive but can also cause systemic toxicity
What are the clinical signs caused by detergents?
Ingestion —> nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and colic
Quaternary ammonium —> severe GI signs, dehydration, shock, collapse
Dermal —> irritation
What is the treatment for detergents
Detox- milk, water, vinegar, or activated charcoal
Supportive treatment
-GI protectants/ demulcents, and analgesics
T/F: emetics and gastric lavage are contraindicated in treatment of phenols, detergents, and petroleum products
True
What is the MOA of bleach?????
When combined with acid/ammonia, chlorine bleach cause release of chorine or chloramine gas and hypochlorous acid —-> caustic and irritating to respiratory and eye
Concentrated bleach are corrosive to mucous membranes
T/f: non-chloride bleach is less irritant and generally less toxic than chlorine bleaches
True
What are clinical signs associated with bleach toxicity?
Oropharyngeal, GI, and respiratory irrigation
