How Cells Reproduce Flashcards
(22 cards)
1
Q
Cell Division
A
- Reasons for cell division
- Create more cells
- Growth
- Repair of damage - To create new organisms
- Asexual reproduction
- Production of gametes (eggs or sperm)
- Create more cells
2
Q
Mitosis
A
- cloning
- Two daughter cells
- daughters genetically identical
- Growth, repair, or asexual reproduction
3
Q
Meiosis
A
- Four daughter cells
- Daughters genetically different
- Sexual reproduction
4
Q
Diploid
A
2 sets of chromosomes
5
Q
Haploid
A
1 set of chromosomes
6
Q
Chromosome
A
a molecule of DNA
7
Q
Chromatid
A
DNA molecule
8
Q
Somatic Cell
A
a body cell
9
Q
Germ Cell
A
only cells that can do meiosis
10
Q
Mitotic Cell Cycle
A
- Interphase: G1, S, G2
- Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
- Cytokinesis
11
Q
Early Prophase
A
- Mitosis begins
- Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense
12
Q
Late Prophase
A
- New microtubles are assembled
- One centriole pair is moved toward opposite pole of spindle
- Nuclear envelope starts to break up
13
Q
Transition ro Metaphase
A
- Spindle forms
- Spindle microtubules attach to sister chromatids of each chromosome
14
Q
Metaphase
A
- All chromosomes are lined up at the spindle equator
- Chromosomes are maximally condensed
15
Q
Anaphase
A
- Sister chromatids are pulled apart
- Once separated, each chromatid is a chromosome
16
Q
Telophase
A
- Chromosomes decondense
- Two nuclear membrans form, one around each set of chromosomes
17
Q
Cytoplasmic Division
A
- Occurs simultaneously with telophase
- Divides non-nuclear organelles between cells
- Two mechanisms
- Cleavage (animals)
- Cell plate formation (plants)
18
Q
Results of Mitosis
A
- Two daughter nuclei
- Each genetically identical to parent cell
- Chromosomes in unduplicated form
19
Q
Control of the Cycle
A
- Things that regulate the cell cycle
- Growth factors
- Cell Density
- Surface Recognition
- Loss of control
- Tumors-grows without control- Cancer-spread from where it started (a tumor that spreads)
20
Q
Tumors and Cancer
A
- Abnormal cells that have lost control over how they grow and divide
- Benign-grow slowly, retain surface recognition
- Malignant-disrupting surrounding tissues, metastasize
21
Q
Culturing Cells
A
- Growing cells in culture allows researchers to investigate processes and test treatments without danger to patients
- Most cells CANNOT be grown in culture
22
Q
HeLa Cells
A
- Line of human cancer cells that can be grown in culture
- Descendants of tumor cells from a woman named Henrietta Lacks
- Lacks died at 31, but her cells continue to live and divide in labs around the world
