How does the Immune System Work

Question 1

A network of cells/tissues/organs working in unison to defend the body againsts foreign invaders.

Answer 1

Immune system

Question 2

Anything that triggers an immune response (i.e. microbes, parts of microbes, tissues/cell of another person)

Answer 2

Antigen

Question 3

Result of the immune system mistaking self for nonself thus inducing an improper immune response.

Answer 3

Autoimmune disease

Question 4

Antigen induces an immune response to a seemingless harmless foreign substance (i.e. results in allergies).

Answer 4

Allergen

Question 5

Small white blood cells that are the key players in the immune system.

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

Question 6

Soft tissue in the hollow center of bones, source of all blood cells.

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

Organ that lies behind the breastbone,site of T cell maturation

Answer 7

Thymus

Question 8

Clear fluid that bathes the body’s tissues, carried through lymphatic vessels.

Answer 8

Lymph

Question 9

Flattened organ, upper left of the abdomen, serves as a fighting ground where immune defenses confront antigens.

Answer 9

Spleen

Question 10

Methods of communication (i.e. between immune cells)

Answer 10

Direct cell-to-cell contact or via the release of chemical messengers

Question 11

Lymphocyte, attacks target cells (i.e. cells that have been infected with a virus or distorted by cancer)

Answer 11

T lymphocytes

Question 12

Large family of molecules which antibodies are a part of.

Answer 12

Immunoglobins

Question 13

Immunoglobin, works efficiently to coat microbes, expedites uptake by other cells in the immune system.

Answer 13

Immunoglobin G (IgG)

Question 14

Immunoglobin, effective at killing bacteria.

Answer 14

Immunoglobin M (IgM)

Question 15

Immunoglobin, concentrates in body fluids (i.e. tears/saliva/secretions of the respiratory tract and digestive tract), guards the entrances to the body.

Answer 15

Immunoglobin A (IgA)

Question 16

Immunoglobin, natural job is to protect against parasitic infections, responsible for allergies.

Answer 16

Immunoglobin E (IgE)

Question 17

Immunoglobin, attached to B cells and play a key role in initiating early B-cell response.

Answer 17

Immunoglobin D (IgD)

Question 18

Two major ways T cells contribute to immune defenses.

Answer 18

Direct/Regulate immune response and directly attack infected/cancerous cells

Question 19

T cell, coordinate immune response by communicating with other cells (i.e. can stimulate nearby B cells to prod, antibody/phagocytes/other T cells)

Answer 19

Helper T cells (Th cells)

Question 20

T cells, directly attck other cells carrying certain foreign or abnormal molecules on their surfaces.

Answer 20

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 21

Proteins recognized by T cells when distinguishing between self and nonself.

Answer 21

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 22

Lymphocyte, armed with granules, can recognize cells lacking self-MHC molecules (i.e. can attack many types of foreign cells)

Answer 22

Natural killer cells (NK)

Question 23

Phagocytes that circulate in the blood.

Answer 23

Monocytes

Question 24

Develop when monocytes migrate into the tissues.

Answer 24

Macrophages

Question 25

Roles of macrophages.

Answer 25

Scavenge and rid to body of debris (i.e. worn out cells), present antigen to other lymphocytes, produce monokines.

Question 26

Granulocyte, not a blood cell, responsible for the symptoms of allergy.

Answer 26

Mast cell

Question 27

Cytokine, triggers the immue system to produce T cells.

Answer 27

Interleukin 2 (IL-2)

Question 28

The tendency for T/B cells to ignore the body's own tissues.

Answer 28

Immune tolerance

Question 29

When an individual is born lacking all of their major immune defenses.

Answer 29

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

Question 30

Uncontrolable proliferation of white blood cells.

Answer 30

Leukemia

Question 31

Uncontrolled growth of plasma cells.

Answer 31

Multiple myeloma

Question 32

Cancers of the lymphoid organs.

Answer 32

Lymphoma

Question 33

Proteins, stimulates specific/general immune cells as well as coordinates immune responses and inflammation.

Answer 33

Chemokines

Question 34

Cells that are make up the epithelium (i.e. the covering of internal and external body surfaces)

Answer 34

Epithelial cells

Question 35

An immune responds against a transplanted tissue.

Answer 35

Graft rejection

Question 36

A life-threatening response, translplant cells attack the tissues of the recipient

Answer 36

Graft-versus host disease (GVHD)

Question 37

Proteins, produced by cells to stimualte an anti-viral immune response or to alter the physical properties of immune cells.

Answer 37

Interferons

Question 38

A subset of T cells and B cells that have been exposed to antigens and can then respond more readily when the immune system encounters those same antigens again

Answer 38

Memory cells