How far did the lives of working people in Britain improve in the years 1785-1870? Flashcards Preview

HISTORY END OF YEAR EXAM > How far did the lives of working people in Britain improve in the years 1785-1870? > Flashcards

Flashcards in How far did the lives of working people in Britain improve in the years 1785-1870? Deck (48)
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1
Q

What was the first legislative improvement passed?

A

1833 factory act

2
Q

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children under 9?

A

couldn’t be employed

3
Q

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children aged 9-13?

A

could only work a 48 hour week, limited to 9 hours a day

4
Q

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children aged 13-18?

A

12 hour working day

5
Q

What did the 1833 factory act mean for children 9-11?

A

2 hours’ schooling a day

6
Q

What did the 1833 factory act mean for the working patterns of those under 18?

A

No night work

7
Q

What did the 1833 factory act mean for factory inspectors?

A

A factory inspectorate was established, though this covered 4 000 mills with just 4 men

8
Q

Why was the 1833 factory act, and its extensive provisions for young people, so valuable?

A

This was valuable because by 1821 49% of the working population were under the age of 20

9
Q

What did the 1842 mines act ban?

A

Children under 10 and women from working underground

10
Q

What did the 1844 factory act do for children aged 8-13?

A

couldn’t work more than 6.5 hours a day

11
Q

What were women’s hours reduced to?

A

The same as children 13-18, 12 hours a day

12
Q

What did the 1844 factory act increase?

A

The number of inspectors

13
Q

What is a key limitation of 1833?

A

Just textiles

14
Q

Which factory act is the 10 hours act?

A

1847 factory act

15
Q

What was the key provision of the 1847 factory act?

A

10 hour working day for women and children

16
Q

What was the key limitation of the 1847 factory act?

A

Factory owners managed to maintain a 12 hour working day through shift work, though the 1853 restricted this by limiting the working hours from 6am to 6pm but conceding to increase it to a 10.5 hour working day

17
Q

Which acts took factory reform beyond textiles?

A

1860-67 factory extension acts

18
Q

What was the 1867 factory extension act?

A

It applied it to all factories who employe more than 50 workers

19
Q

What did Chadwick publish in 1842, how many copies did it sell and until when did it influence government?

A

Edwin Chadwick published ‘The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain” in 1842 which sold 100 000 copies and influenced government reform until 1870

20
Q

What sustained the momentum of the 1842 Sanitary Condition chadwick report?

A

1844 health of towns association

21
Q

who formed the 1844 health of towns association?

A

southward smith

22
Q

What did Southward Smith pressure the government into?

A

February 1848 public health act

23
Q

When did the public health act become compulsory?

A

if your mortality rate was more than 23/100

24
Q

Who introduced the public health act february 1848 and what was the trigger cause?

A

Lord morpeth after an outbreak of typhus

25
Q

Assess the 1848 public health act?

A

This provided a positive framework for local authorities but did not compel any action. In the short and medium term this actually had very little impact on the working classes.

26
Q

What did the 1852 burial act do?

A

established a public network of cemeteries across London and meant that bodies could not be removed from the ground without a licence for it

27
Q

Which years extended the 1852 burial act across the country?

A

1854 and 1857

28
Q

Which act made Local Authorities Responsible for Sewers, Water and Street Cleaning?

A

1866 Sanitary Act

29
Q

What did the Sanitary Act compel?

A

Sanitation inspections for corporations and for them to maintain adequate records of these inspections

30
Q

What did the sanitary Act make illegal?

A

Not quarantining the contagious

31
Q

Which two books aimed to raise the profile of the plight of the working classes?

A

Dickens’ books such as Olvier Twist and Hard Times

32
Q

What reforms put workers’ rights more firmly on the political agenda?

A

1867 reform act, particularly those of the affluent worker

33
Q

Give two examples of locations of socially responsible employers

A

Robert Owen at New Lanark and Titus Salt at Saltaire in West Yorkshire

34
Q

Between 1801 and 1851, by what percentage did the population of urban areas increase by each year?

A

27%

35
Q

By 1841 what proportion of Birmingham’s workers lived in back to back houses?

A

36
Q

How many back to back houses in nottingham?

A

12 600

37
Q

How wide was one back to back house?

A

4m

38
Q

What was the rent for a front house and a back house?

A

Front house rent was 2s 6d/ week and back house, which were accessed by a communal area, rent was 1s 10d/ week.

39
Q

When and where was the first cholera outbreak?

A

Sunderland 1831

40
Q

How many people did the first ever cholera outbreak killl?

A

32 000 within a year

41
Q

What are the three dates for Asiatic cholera and how many did each outbreak kill?

A

Asiatic Cholera killed 52 000 people in 1832, 70 000 1848/49, and 18 000 in 1866.

42
Q

Chadwick’s 1842 report into working class conditions found what about child mortality rates?

A

Chadwick’s 1842 report into working class conditions 57% of children born to working class parents died before their 5th Birthday.

43
Q

Chadwick’s 1842 report into working class conditions found what about the streets of manchester?

A

The same report in Manchester found that, of 687 streets inspected, 252 had stagnate pools of effluence or rubbish.

44
Q

Reforms that were made by the government were generally a response to conditions worsening during the industrial revolution, and where not what?

A

They were not pre-emptive attempts to improve workers’ lives as much as addressing genuine humanitarian concerns that were products of the industrial revolution.

45
Q

As late as 1850, what did many workers still have to suffer?

A

Many industrial workers still worked a 50 hour week as late as 1850.

46
Q

Whilst safety did improve, how did the pace of industrialisation limit this?

A

the pace of industrialisation meant that these measures were often outstripped and enforcement was problematic

47
Q

On what principle were workhouses formed?

A

Less eligibility

48
Q

What did the 1843 PLAA ban and what supports this idea?

A

The 1834 PLAA was intended to ban outdoor poor relief and the 402 workhouses built immediately after this happened suggests that this was the case in some areas.