how have ethnic identities changed

Question 1

paragraph 1

Answer 1

Butler - change in muslim identities

• research in Bradford and Coventry - family and religion remained important in shaping identities of muslim women - also attempting new identity and independence eg careers and education

Question 2

evaluation 1

Answer 2

muslims are a stigmatised identity

Nandi and Platt - all muslim groups identify themselves as british - stigmatising stereotypes of muslims generate resentment about identity

since 2000s

Question 3

paragraph 2

Answer 3

Sewell - asa result of racism in school - anti-school male black subcultures were created as a response to racism - emphasise strength of culture - seek to reclaim identity through aspects of their culture that they pick and choose

Question 4

evaluation 2

Answer 4

Sewell - stereotypical black identities were reinforced as young black students coped with racist

institutionalised racism present within schools causing black children’s identities to be labelled as criminal by teachers and peers

self-fulfilling prophecy - becker - labelling
‘black machismo’