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lymphatic system > How it prevents and fights foreign invaders > Flashcards

How it prevents and fights foreign invaders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 defense systems?

A

Innate system (everyday military)
Adaptive (special forces)

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2
Q

What do viruses do?

A

Invade cells and replicate by taking over cellular machinery to create new viruses

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3
Q

Fungi description?

A

Not a plant or an animal
Break down a hosts cells and absorbs nutrients
Ex: valley fever , athletes foot

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4
Q

Bacteria description

A

Single celled organism
Release toxins that damage hosts cells
Ex: e-coli, anthrax, pneumonia

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5
Q

Parasites description

A

Single or multicellular organisms
Extract nutrient from host
Ex: tapeworms

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6
Q

Innate defense description

A

Present at birth
Respond to ALL foreign substances

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7
Q

First line of defense for innate defense?

A

Surface barriors

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8
Q

Second line of defense for innate defense?

A

Internal defenses
Ex: Phagocytes, inflammation, fever

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9
Q

What are the surface barriors for innate defense?

A

Skin
Respiratory tract
Digestive tract
Genitourinary tract

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10
Q

Skin (innate defense)

A

Physical barrier
Acidic secretions
Anal and mouth sphincters

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11
Q

Respiratory tract (innate defense)

A

Mucus
Cilia

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12
Q

Digestive tract (innate defense)

A

HCL
Digestive enzymes

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13
Q

Genitourinary tract (innate defense)

A

Acidity of urine
Pussy secretions

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14
Q

What does a non specific defense cell mean?

A

Means they respond to wide variety of pathogens
All perform phagocytosis

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15
Q

What are the names of the non specific defense cells?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Macrophages

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16
Q

Macrophage description

A

Differenciate from monocytes
Migrate to tissues to clean up pathogens or cell debris
Release interferons

17
Q

Antimicrobial chemicals

A

Part of Innate defense
Interferons
Complement proteins

18
Q

What are interferons?

A

Proteins released by lymphocytes and macrophages induce viral resistance in healthy cells

19
Q

What are compliment proteins?

A

Collection of plasma proteins that create holes in cell membrane
Causes cell to take in water and buuuussstttt

20
Q

How does a fever start?

A

Leukocytes secrete pyrogens
Act on hypothalamus to increase body temp lol

21
Q

Why are fevers effective?

A

Creates unfavorable environment for pathogens
Stops liver from releasing stuff
Increases metabolic rate of tissue cells for repair

22
Q

Inflammatory response descriptio

A

Part of innate defense
Happens when body cells are injured by something physically, chemical irritation, or pathogenic infection

23
Q

Steps of inflammatory response

A
  1. Injury occurs
  2. Macrophages ingest foreign matter
  3. Dilation and increased permeability of capillary
  4. Containment of bacteria and foreign matter
  5. Luekocyte proliferation and migration
  6. Continued recruitment of of leukocytes
24
Q

Step 2 of inflammatory response

A

Phagocytosis
Macrophages release cytokins to attract more leukocytes

25
Q

Step 3 of inflammatory response

A

Dilation and increased permeability of capillary
Histamine released from basophils which causes vasodilaiton and attracts leukocytes, proteins, and fluids to area
Causes pain, swelling, fever

26
Q

Step 4 of inflammatory response

A

Containment of bacteria and foreign matter
Heparin released from basophils to prevent blood clotting
Clotting proteins from blood wall off damaged area and foreign matter creating a scab

27
Q

Step 5 of inflammatory response

A

Leukocyte proliferation and migration
Neutrophils and macrophages migrate to the area
Phagocytosis of contained debris and pathogens
Dead leukocytes, microbes, and damaged cells create pus

28
Q

Step 6 of inflammatory response

A

Continued recruitment of leukocytes
Neutrophils and macrophages continue to clear the infection by engulfing debris and pathogens
Tissue healing begins deep to scab

29
Q

What are the types of acquired immunity?

A

Humoral
Cellular

30
Q

Humoral immunity description

A

B lymphocytes create antibodies
May be passive or active

31
Q

Cellular immunity description

A

T lymphocytes seek and destroy antigens, tumor cells, infected body cells

32
Q

How does specific immunity work?

A

Body must recognize self and non self

33
Q

Antigens in specific immunity

A

Substances that are not normally in the body and initiate an immune response
On surface of foreign invaders and pathogens
Free floating in liquids

34
Q

Antibodies in specific immunity

A

Y shaped proteins
Produced by activated B lymphocytes in response to antigen

35
Q

What is the variable region?

A

An antigen binding site with single specificity

36
Q

Most common type of antibodies

A

IgG
Neutralizes antigen

37
Q

Antibody found in breastmilk

A

IgA
Neutralizes antigens

38
Q

What does neutralization do?

A

Masks dangerous parts of bacterial exotoxins ; viruses

lymphatic system (3 decks)

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