How it works Flashcards
eyes, nose, ears, throat, breathing sounds, heart sounds
Name the main structures of the eye system
Cornea, pupil, lens, retina, nerves signalling to brain
What machines used to let caregivers look at the retina
Ophthalmoscope
What do you look for during an eye exam
Infection - colored pus, discharge, redness, swelling
Corneal abrasion
Scratch injury caused to the cornea, by debris. Can heal on its own within 1-3 days. Can rarely progress to corneal erosion
Corneal erosion
Surface layer of cells in the cornea loosen into the layer underneath. Causes major pain, loss/blurry vision
What device is used to check the ear canal and eardrum
Otoscope
Acute otitis media
Middle ear infection; Viral infection cause by a previously non treated infection. Pain, low hearing, bulging/red eardrum, fluid behind eardrum
Steps in the way sound travels
Canal, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, cochlea, auditory nerve
Another name for the eardrum
Tympanic membrane
What does the auditory ossicles do
3 small bones that turn sound waves into pressure waves
What is the cochlea
3 curved canals which turns pressure waves into neural message so the brain can interpret it
Name the 3 auditory ossicle bones
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
What tools can be used to check the nose and throat
Otoscope/ visualization from the outside (swelling, broken nose)
Strep throat
Bacterial infection causing soar throat, inflamed lymph nodes, fevers, etc. Penicillins are used to cure
Tonsillitis
Bacterial or viral infection, causes swollen and inflamed tonsils, white/yellow patches, red and swollen, fever
What’s one of the most frequently done exams for skin cancers
Tracking evolution of moles
Melanoma
Most serious skin cancer, caused by frequent exposure to sun and UV light, and can rarely be seen in the brain, intestines, eyes
How melanoma works
Melanocytes, cells producing melanin, get DNA damaged and broken down by UV light which causes rapid and abnormal cell growth
Melanoma early on
Melanocytes rapidly grow and spread throughout the epidermis
Melanoma advanced
Melanocytes rapidly grow and spread into the dermis
Heart Murmur sound
Windy, constant rhythm
Mitral Valve Regurgitation sound
Clicks and murmurs
Explain what mitral valve regurgitation is
The mitral valve does not close properly, causing backflow of blood and makes the heart work double. Symptoms can be swollen ankles, shortness of breath or asymptomatic
Normal lung sounds
Woosh of air/wind
