How It Works

Question 1

What are the steps in the DHCP process?

Answer 1

C: DHCP Discover
R: DHCP Offer
C: DHCP Request
R: DHCP ACK

Question 2

What doe ARP do and how?

Answer 2

Associates an IP with a MAC address by asking the network who has a particular IP address and recording the MAC address of the respondent in the cache.

Question 3

How are MAC addresses structured?

Answer 3

The first 6 indicate the manufacturer, the second six are a unique identifier.

Question 4

What is the difference between a level 2 and level 3 switch?

Answer 4

Level 2 operates at the data link level and forwards frames based on MAC address.
Level 3 operates at the network level and can route packets using IP protocol like a router.

Question 5

What kind of packet does a ping use?

Answer 5

ICMP

Question 6

What are the key characteristics of UDP? (4)

Answer 6

1 Connectionless
2 Unreliable
3 Fast
4 Used for real time applications

Question 7

What are the key characteristic of TCP? (5)

Answer 7

1 Reliable
2 Connection oriented
3 Error checking
4 Flow control
5 Slower but stable

Question 8

How is the domain name hierarchy structured? Give examples.

Answer 8

Root domain: “ . “
Top level: .org .com .edu .gov
Second level domain: google, tryhackme

Question 9

What is a subdomain? Give an example.

Answer 9

Sits to the left of the domain, help organize a site.
blog.example.com
mail.example.com
shop.example.com

Question 10

Name 5 DNS record types and their content.

Answer 10

A: IPv4
AAAA: IPv6
CNAME: Resolves to a different domain name.
MX: Resolves to the server that handles a domain’s email.
TXT: A free floating field where any text based data can be stored.

Question 11

What is the DNS lookup order of actions?

Answer 11

1 Local Cache
2 Recursive DNS Server
3 Root DNS server
4 TDL/Authoritative server