how to examine cells and tissues Flashcards
how is a light microscope slide prepared
preserved in formalin, embedded in parafin wax, sliced with a microtome and stained with heamatoxylin and eosin. need to be thin so we can see them and stains will make structures more obvious. also able to use live tissue which is why we need to preserve it
what does haematoxylin stain
stains nuclei blue and other acidic structure. Attracted to negatively charged DNA
what does eosin stain
stains cytoplasm pink and other basic structures.
what is confocal microscopy
takes several images to produce 3D image
how does electron microscopy work and the 2 types of it
uses beam of electrons. in TEM electrons go through specimen and in SEM electrons are reflected off the surface. Much higher resolution due to the short wave length
fluorescent microscopy
shows light emission after specimen stained with fluorescent dye and light beam shined on it
what is immunochemistry
immunoflourscence tags the antibodies of the antigens in questions. direct= tags the primary antibody and indirect flags the secondary antibody found to the primary antibody
what is audiography
use of radioactive tagging methods which can be seen in images
what is the limit of resolution
the ability to see 2 objects as separate entities. The level of detail seen
types of tissue sampling
endometrial biopsy where probe goes into uterus and punched into the wall to take a biopsy. another way is by doing a hysterectomy which is where the whole organ is removed. can also take blood smear or mouth swallow
what is cell culture
cells cultured and viewed under microscope means less need for animals and absolute control over environment
what is dark field
illuminates live samples producing dark background and bright objects
what is a peroxisome
utalises oxygen to make hydrogen peroxide but also contains the enzyme catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide to and oxygen and hydrogen. this reaction id used to oxidise other substrates
