How to think about morality Flashcards
(11 cards)
Ethical rationalism
What are the two main types of moral reasoning?
Cognitive and noncognitive
Cognitive moral reasoning can be further divided into objective and subjective reasoning.
What are the two categories of objective cognitive moral reasoning?
- Morality as a human creation
- Morality as something that transcends human nature
These categories represent different views on the origin of moral values.
Define ethical egoism.
The view that what is moral is determined by one’s self interest
Ethical egoism argues that individual interests should guide moral decisions.
What is utilitarianism?
The view that what is moral is determined by the end result
Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of actions to judge their morality.
Define deontology.
The view that actions are intrinsically right or wrong depending on adherence to relevant moral principles
Deontological ethics emphasizes duties and rules.
What does emotivism propose about moral condemnation?
When a person condemns an action as wrong, they are expressing their distaste for it
Emotivism suggests that moral judgments are not objective facts but expressions of feelings.
What is the main idea of relativism?
What makes moral practices right or wrong is dependent on culture or personal preference
Relativism posits that moral truths are not universal but vary between societies.
Define virtue theory.
The view that morality should be as concerned about the moral agent as it is with moral action
Virtue theory emphasizes the character and virtues of individuals in ethical considerations.
Intuitionism
Aretaic Ethics
