HR PRAC 1

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

describe the tunica albuginea

Answer 3

thick connective tissue capsule, inner part vascularised

Question 4

whats the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 4

pouch of serous membrane derived from the vaginal process of peritoneum surrounding testicle

Question 5

what separates the testicle into lobes?

Answer 5

testicular septa

Question 6

Answer 6

A: Seminiferous Tubules

B: Interstitium: Leydig Cells - look for connective tissue and arterioles here too

Question 7

2 compartmentsof the seminiferous tubules

Answer 7

basal and adluminal

Question 8

Answer 8

A: Leydig Cells

B: Tunica Propria (Boundary Layer, several cells thick – contains SM that contracts to propel tubular contents along)

C: Spermatids (Early)

D: Spermatogonium (Dense chromatin)

E:Sertoli Cell Nucleus (Lightly stained, triangular nucleolus)

F: Primary Spermatocyte

Diploid (A, B, D, Possibly F)

Question 9

How do sertoli cells look?

Answer 9

These cells have triangular, lightly stained nuclei with prominent nucleoli.

The nuclei are located on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules but note that the cytoplasm of these cells extends into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

A = Sertoli cells

B = Leydig cells

Question 12

The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin:

, _______ in the spermatogonia, ______ in the spermatocytes and ______ in the spermatids

Answer 12

The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin, dense in the spermatogonia, reticulate in the spermatocytes and marginated in the spermatids

Question 13

The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin, dense in the spermatogonia, reticulate in the spermatocytes and marginated in the spermatids

why?

Answer 13

64 day cycle - starts every 16 days

Question 14

Answer 14

A: Testis

B: Tunica Albuginea

C: Epididymis (Spermatozoa in Lumen)

Question 15

epididymal epithelium?

Answer 15

Pseudostratified stereociliated columnar epithelium

Question 16

wnhats A

Answer 16

Epydidimis

Question 17

whats this>

Answer 17

Seminal Vesicle: Heavily invaginated (Large SA for secretory epithelium - forms many irregular-shaped chambers opening into a central cavity)

Question 18

Name 4 components of fluid produced in smeinal vesicles

Answer 18

Name 4 components of fluid produced here

• Fructose
• Citric acid (antioxidant
• Prostaglandins
• fibrinogen

Question 19

does the seminal veslcies have a smooth muscle layer?

Answer 19

yes - surrounding =Contracts under sympathetic stimulation = expels fluid during ejaculation)

Question 20

Answer 20

seminal vesicles

Question 21

type of epithelium?

smeinal vesciles

Answer 21

Seminal Vesicle: Heaped pseudostratified epithelium

It has a pseudostratified epithelium with adluminal principal cells and smaller rounded basal cells. Surrounding the epithelium is a thick layer of connective tissue and an outer, thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 22

tissue?

Answer 22

Prostate

Question 23

prostate epithelia?

Answer 23

It consists of many tubules each with their own lumen and luminal epithelia composed largely of columnar epithelia cells with a few basal cells

Question 24

does the prostate have a smooth muscle layer?

Answer 24

Like the seminal vesicle, it is also surrounded by connective tissue and smooth muscle that contracts under sympathetic stimulation

Question 25

what on a prostate slide might show increasing age?

Answer 25

Here with this Azan staining, we can see concretions = aggregations of dead epithelial cells and precipitated secretory products = indication of increasing age

Question 26

how can you tell the seminal vesicles form the prostate?

Answer 26

* -Seminal vesicle is often more invaginated * -Prostate looks more tubular * -Prostate can often be stained blue to highlight concretions -Seminal vesicle – lipochrome pigment can aide it’s identification

Question 27

Answer 27

Name the organ A: Corpora Cavernosum (x2 – dorsal) B: Corpus Spongiosum C: Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

strucutre of the penis

Answer 29

These three masses are enveloped by a fibro-elastic layer. Each of these is surrounded by a connective tissue layer, the tunica albuginea, and smooth muscle. (contain lots of endothelial lined spaces) -This is then surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer called the **hypodermis**, that contains blood vessels and sensory receptors

Question 30

engorgement of the penis dependas on

Answer 30

The engorgement is dependant on parasympathetic stimulation causing vasodilatation of the smooth muscles in the arterioles

Question 31

arrows and letters

Answer 31

A: Urethra B: vascular sinuses Arrow: Pacinian Corpuscle (onion) – pressure receptor

Question 32

Answer 32

A: Urethra (Transitional Epithelium) B:Arteriole C: Venous Sinusoid D: Nerve

Question 33

whats this?

Answer 33

**Prepubertal testis** Due to low levels of LH and FSH = low testosterone – no initiation of spermatogenesis - Absence of lumen, spermatogonia only - No meiotic progression seen - Leydig cells may not be visible - Sertoli cells show immature features: Scarce cytoplasm, regular outlines and small nucleoli, no tight junctions

Question 34

Answer 34

imature testis Due to low levels of LH and FSH = low testosterone – no initiation of spermatogenesis - Absence of lumen, spermatogonia only - No meiotic progression seen - Leydig cells may not be visible - Sertoli cells show immature features: Scarce cytoplasm, regular outlines and small nucleoli, no tight junctions

Question 35

whats this show?

Answer 35

Effect of hypophysectomy on testis

Question 36

Effect of hypophysectomy on testis - describe why?

Answer 36

Testosterone needed for completion of first meiotic division – so following hypophysectomy (no LH and FSH to stimulate testosterone production), spermatogenesis arrests in early meiosis and nothing more mature than a primary spermatocyte seen -Lumen collapses as no fluid secretion from Sertoli cells Only cells present are spermatogonia and 1o spermatocyte

Question 37

T or f ## Footnote Accessory glands need 5aDHT to function

Answer 37

T

Question 38

hypophysectomy effect on the prostate?

Answer 38

atrophy - looks liek a bog slobby mess of cells

Question 39

whats this show (pathology)

Answer 39

**Ligation of vasa efferentia** (bit between seminiferous tubules and epididymis): No fluid reabsorption in epididymis, so fluid accumulates in testis causing irreversible damage. The seminiferous tubules become distended, the tight junctions between the sertoli cells are disrupted and fluid escapes into the spaces between the tubules. Sustained fluid pressure causes atrophy of the germinal epithelium and cessation of the spermatogenesis cycle.

Question 40

Answer 40

Effects on testis (ligation at 28 days) Ligation of vas deferens: no effect on the testicular structure because the excess fluid is resorbed by the epididymis.

Question 41

fat

Answer 41

mamba