HRI Flashcards by Angel Rafael

Cleft lip is more common in _______

males

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Cleft palate alone is more common in _______

females

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The definitive treatment for cleft lip is _______

surgery (cheiloplasty)

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The ‘Rule of 10’ for cleft lip surgery includes: at least _______ weeks old, weighing _______ lbs, hemoglobin _______ g/dl.

10 weeks, 10 lbs, 10 g/dl

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Cleft palate surgery is delayed until _______ to prevent speech defects.

10-12 months

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A velopharyngeal flap operation is done at _______ years to revise repair and improve speech.

8-9 years

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The most immediate problem with cleft lip/palate is _______.

feeding

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Postoperative care for cleft palate repair includes _______ to prevent touching the mouth.

elbow restraints

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True or False: Feeding after cleft palate surgery is resumed immediately.

False

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The hallmark symptom of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is _______.

projectile vomiting

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A classic sign of HPS is a palpable _______ in the mid-epigastric area.

olive-shaped mass

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The ‘string sign’ on barium enema is indicative of _______.

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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The definitive treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is _______.

surgery (Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy)

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The primary concern in preoperative care for HPS is correcting _______.

dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

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True or False: Vomitus in lower GI obstruction is blood-tinged.

False

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Hirschsprung’s disease is caused by the absence of _______ in the rectosigmoid area.

parasympathetic ganglion cells

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The most common presentation of Hirschsprung’s disease in newborns is _______.

failure to pass meconium

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Surgical treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease includes _______ and _______.

Swenson pull-through, temporary colostomy

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Frequent enemas for Hirschsprung’s disease must be _______ to prevent water intoxication.

isotonic solution

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A child with Hirschsprung’s disease should avoid _______ preoperatively.

high-residue foods

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Intussusception is the _______ of one bowel segment into another.

telescoping

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A diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for intussusception is _______ or _______.

barium enema, air enema

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A key symptom of intussusception is _______.

currant jelly stools

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A sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen is indicative of _______.

intussusception

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The most immediate concern with intussusception is _______ if untreated.

bowel necrosis

True or False: Surgery is always required for intussusception.

False

Diarrhea in infants is diagnosed by a change in _______ and _______ of stools.

consistency, frequency

The most important early sign of dehydration from diarrhea is _______.

increased pulse rate

True or False: Sodium replacement should be done rapidly in diarrhea cases.

False

The earliest sign of respiratory distress in children is _______.

restlessness

A common cause of bronchiolitis in infants is _______.

viral infection (e.g., RSV)

The best positioning for a child with bronchiolitis is _______ or _______.

prone, semi-Fowler’s with neck extension

True or False: Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for bronchiolitis.

False

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) most commonly occurs between _______.

2-4 months

A major risk factor for SIDS is _______.

prematurity and low birth weight

True or False: The exact cause of SIDS is unknown.

True

Iron deficiency anemia is most commonly caused by _______.

overconsumption of milk

Iron supplements should be taken _______ to reduce gastric irritation.

after meals

A key symptom of iron deficiency anemia is _______.

pallor and compensatory tachycardia

A high-iron diet should include _______.

red meat, green leafy vegetables, and fortified cereals

A common allergic trigger for atopic dermatitis in infants is _______.

cow’s milk and egg whites

The hallmark sign of chronic atopic dermatitis is _______.

lichenification

Atopic dermatitis often improves by age _______.

4 years

Treatment for eczema includes _______.

moisturizers, antihistamines, and avoiding allergens

A hallmark diagnostic sign of diaphragmatic hernia is _______.

scaphoid abdomen

A serious complication of diaphragmatic hernia is _______.

lung hypoplasia

True or False: Immediate surgery is needed for diaphragmatic hernia.

True

The 'coiled spring' pattern on imaging suggests _______.

intussusception

The most common hernia in infants is _______.

inguinal hernia

A distinguishing feature of inguinal hernia is the _______.

silk-glove sign

True or False: Umbilical hernias in infants often resolve without surgery.

True

The most severe complication of an umbilical hernia is _______.

strangulation

Management of umbilical hernia includes _______ unless complications arise.

watchful waiting

A hiatal hernia involves the protrusion of the stomach through the _______.

esophageal hiatus

The major risk with hiatal hernia in infants is _______.

aspiration pneumonia

A common sign of hiatal hernia is _______.

forceful vomiting with old blood

The preferred diagnostic test for hiatal hernia is _______.

barium X-ray

Surgical treatment for hiatal hernia is _______.

gastropexy

The treatment for an incarcerated inguinal hernia is _______.

emergency surgery

Infants with an inguinal hernia should avoid _______.

constipation and straining

A key nursing intervention for post-herniorrhaphy care is _______.

monitoring for recurrence

The most common hematologic disorder in infancy is _______.

iron-deficiency anemia

A characteristic sign of dehydration in infants is _______.

sunken fontanelles

An early symptom of metabolic acidosis is _______.

lethargy and rapid breathing

Dehydration in infants primarily affects _______ and _______ levels.

sodium, potassium

Treatment of metabolic acidosis includes _______.

sodium bicarbonate administration

The primary nursing intervention for an infant with acute diarrhea is _______.

fluid and electrolyte replacement

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is preferred for mild diarrhea because it _______.

prevents hospitalization

The most serious risk associated with diarrhea in infants is _______.

shock due to dehydration

In bronchiolitis, epinephrine is used to _______.

reduce bronchospasm

For severe bronchiolitis, mechanical ventilation is needed if _______.

oxygen saturation remains low

True or False: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis.

True

A child with RSV bronchiolitis should be placed in _______.

contact and droplet precautions

Treatment for iron-deficiency anemia includes _______.

iron supplementation and dietary modification

A common cause of pediatric anemia is _______.

chronic blood loss from parasitic infection

True or False: Children with SIDS often have identifiable autopsy findings.

False

HRI Flashcards

(76 cards)