hsc 300 final review

Question 1

Essay: What is the null and alternative hypothesis?

Answer 1

Null: indicates no differences exist for variables in question
Alternative: educated guess of what may be found in statistical testing

Question 2

Essay: What is the purpose of the methods section in healthcare research?

Answer 2

provide detailed instructions of how the research will be carried out. (includes model, theory, main research question, hypothesis, questionnaire)…

Question 3

Essay : what is the purpose of the research model?

Answer 3

Research model is a visual representation of the interaction of the constructs being examined. It should link with the theory and be relevant to the methods being used to collect the data.

Question 4

Essay: what belongs in the appendices?

Answer 4

The appendices include a list of the specific appendix that support the research proposal. In this semester research proposal there were 6 appendix. One, key terms defined, two, link to the survey instrument, three, model and theory, four, model and theory mapped to the BRFSS questions, 5 irb application, 6 human subjects protection certificate.

Question 5

Essay: What is the purpose of the literature review?

Answer 5

The purpose of the literature review is to find peer reviewed sources that either support or refute the position taken by the research being conducted. These documents provide rational and support for the current research.

Question 6

Essay: What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 6

Rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative hypothesis means that we have found a result that there is a difference for the factors being measured. Given that we have statistical power, the results found are not by chance alone.

Question 7

Essay: What does statistical power indicate?

Answer 7

Statistical power indicates that we have enough survey response data to help calculate findings that are not by chance alone. Alpha is set at either 0.01 or 0.05 to either narrow or widen the chance of findings a statistically significant result.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the healthcare research proposal?

Answer 8

The health research proposal is designed to outline the reasons, ways, and methods of why the reseach is necessary and should be funded.

Question 9

What is the purpose of hypothesis in our research proposal?

Answer 9

Hypothesis can be statistically tested to determine if our educated guesses are true or could happen by chance.

Question 10

Essay: What was your main research question?

Answer 10

What factors influence physical activity levels in adults in the US?

Question 11

When a funder reaches out to a researcher and asked that person to submit a blank, the org might offer a contract rather than a grant?

Answer 11

solicited proposal

Question 12

Which of the following is normally submitted by the researcher so that the funder can confirm that there is a reasonable match between the sponsor and the proposed research plan before inviting a full proposal to be written and submitted?

Answer 12

Pre proposal

Question 13

Which of the following usually requires that a particular deliverable such as a submission report be submitted to the funding agency by the end of the agreement?

Answer 13

Contract

Question 14

T or f? The methods section of the research proposal needs to convince the reader that the proposed approach to answering the study question is a valid and an efficient one that is worth bankrolling?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T or F? When writing a research proposal, the research should assume that the readers of the proposal have an in depth knowledge of the particular research area?

Answer 15

False

Question 16

T or F? Which of the following is defined as looking up every article cited by eligible articles to identify other articles that might be relevant but not indexed in the selected data bases?

Answer 16

Snowballing

Question 17

T or f? When interpreting results or a systematic review, studies that find no statistically significant results for an item of interest, are just as valuable as those that find a sig association?

Answer 17

True bc even no results is information we need

Question 18

What type of observation involves the researcher the studying participants in a laboratory in full view of the participants?

Answer 18

Overt

Question 19

What is the normal group size for a focus group discussion ?

Answer 19

8-10

Question 20

What type of data collection starts with a list of open ended questions which are followed up with more questions to provide a more complete or specific response?

Answer 20

Semi- structured

Question 21

T or f? Focus groups often use homogenous sampling to recruit participants with similar backgrounds, experiences, or perspectives?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Which of the following is the highest cost associated with interviews?

Answer 22

Personal

Question 23

T or f? The goal of recruiting is to maximize the participation rate among members of a sample population so as to yield a study population that is reasonably representative of the source population?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What type of question forces respondents to select answers that do not truly express their status or opinions?

Answer 24

Closed ended questions

Question 25

T or f? Decisions about the types of questions to ask must include considerations of which statistical test the researcher wants to run on the collective data?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The standard expectation is that a study's analysis should have a power of what value or greater?

Answer 26

80%

Question 27

T or f? If the power estimates for a study are lower than desired, the easiest way to improve the power is to increase the sample size?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Which of the following should always be the top priority when designing and implementing an experimental study?

Answer 28

Safety

Question 29

Which of the following is a major function of an ethics review board?

Answer 29

Conduct continuing review of long term research projects

Question 30

T or f? Proposals for analysis of existing data may be significantly shorter than proposals for new data collection?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T or f? Research ethics committees are usually composed of at least 5 members of similar backgrounds ?

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Providing a small gift as a token of goodwill before an individual is asked to participate in a study is an example of what?

Answer 32

Understood consent

Question 33

What type of statement provides essential information about research projects to potential research participants so that they can make a thoughtful decision about whether to enroll in a study?

Answer 33

Informed consent

Question 34

Which of the following is defined as the assurance that individuals get to choose what information they reveal about themselves?

Answer 34

Privacy

Question 35

Coercion would include social pressure or requests from authority figures that make it difficult for an individual not to agree to enroll in a study?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What research characteristic requires a detailed set of explanations about how participants were sampled ?

Answer 36

Reproducibility

Question 37

Which of the following tasks would need to be performed by the researcher if existing data is going to be analyzed?

Answer 37

identify an appropriate data source and appropriate materials

Question 38

T or f? A Strong protocol should be detailed enough that the entire methods section of any paper that will result from the project cod be written before data collection begins.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T or f? Question that began with who , what ,where, when are the main types used in qualitative research?

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Longitudinal studies use what type of population in which all participants start the study at the same time and no one is permitted to join later?

Answer 40

Fixed

Question 41

T or f ? Cross sectional surveys are used to establish baseline data prior to the initiation of longitudinal studies ?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T or f? Cross sectional studies measure the prevalence of various exposure histories, disease states, and demographic characteristics in one well defined population at one point in time?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T or f? The medical information in patient files is not recorded for research purposes so records are unlikely to contain all the information that researchers would like to know?

Answer 43

True

Question 44

The timeline for what type of study might be very short if an entire data file and the relevant supporting documentation can be downloaded from a website?

Answer 44

Secondary study

Question 45

What type of studies seek to recruit a study population that is representative of a well defined larger population?

Answer 45

Cross sectional

Question 46

Which of the following is sketched out using boxes and arrows that illustrate the various relationships that will be evaluated during the study?

Answer 46

Conceptual framework

Question 47

Which of the following relating to the candidate question will assist the researchers in determining what is already known about the topic and what new information a new study could contribute?

Answer 47

Literature review

Question 48

What is a good way to evaluate if a new research project is likely to be successfully completed?

Answer 48

feasibility study

Question 49

T or f? A goal or objective statement for a clinical or population health research project usually states the exposures, diseases, or outcomes and or population that will be the focus of the study?

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T or F ? The only way to fully understand a study is to read the full text of the article?

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T or F? Questions derived from practice often point toward an unmet demand for needs assessments, program evaluations, and clinical effectiveness studies?

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Demography is often used as a tool in what type of research?

Answer 52

Population health research

Question 53

What type of research evaluates the best place to prevent, diagnose, and treat adverse health issues that affect individuals and families?

Answer 53

Clinical research

Question 54

T or F? The five steps of the research process can vary according to the goal of the research project or according to what methods are used?

Answer 54

False