HTMLE Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
demonstration of spores
A
Shaeffer-Fulton stain
2
Q
demonstration of nucleic acids
A
Acridine orange
3
Q
Fungal elements with acridine orange:
A
fluoresce green
4
Q
Removal of nicks: (heel to toe direction)
A
Honing
5
Q
Removal of burrs: (toe to heel direction)
A
Stropping
6
Q
Nuclear and histochemical fixative
A
Newcomer’s fixative
7
Q
Fixative for photography
A
Mercurial fixatives
8
Q
Fixative for small tissue tissue fragments: (yellow color to locate tissues easier)
A
Picric acid
9
Q
_________may float on fixative: Organ may be covered with several gauze to maintain it under surface
A
Air-filled lungs
10
Q
Packed with cotton soaked in fixative or completely opened before being immersed in adequate fixing solution
A
Fixation of hollow organs (stomach, intestines)
11
Q
Done after fixation and before impregnation
A
Decalcification
12
Q
Optimum temp for decalcification
A
Room temperature range 18 to 30C
13
Q
Decalcifying agent that contains HCl: (HCl, NaCl, distilled water)
A
von Ebner’s
14
Q
Embedding medium for electron microscopy:
A
Plastic medium
15
Q
Infiltrated with celloidin then embedded with paraffin
A
Double embedding (ICEP)
16
Q
Most of the nuclei of females exhibit conglomeration of chromatin, demonstrated in the smears from buccal or vaginal mucosa
A
Barr bodies, XX chromosomes
17
Q
Done by at least 2 members of the board and 1 legal officer
A
Administrative investigation
18
Q
Unanimous vote (3 of 3)
A
Revocation
19
Q
Majority vote (2 of 3)
A
Suspension
20
Q
STAT, STATIM
A
Immediately
21
Q
DEATH resulting from disease
A
MORTALITY
22
Q
State of disease and its associated effects on the host
A
MORBIDITY
23
Q
ENDOGENOUS PIGMENTS: Produced within the tissue
HEMATOGENOUS (blood-derived): Hemosiderin, hemoglobin, pigment and porphyrinbile
NON-HEMATOGENOUS: melanin, lipofuscin and chromaffin
ENDOGENOUS MINERALS: calcium, iron and copper
A
…..
24
Q
Tattoos, asbestos, carbon, silica, iron and silver
CARBON is the most exogenous pigment (chronic smokers)
A
EXOGENOUS PIGMENTS
25
dark brown or black crystal-like precipitates especially in postmortem and blood-containing tissues; removed alcoholic picric acidby
FORMALIN
26
: black, brown or grayish black granules or clumps in tissue; removed solution with alcoholic iodine
MERCURY
27
black deposits on tissues which have not been properly washed out; removed by bleaching
OSMIC ACID
28
fine brown or black granules; removed with the use of acid alcohol
CHROME DEPOSITS
29
FIRST CLINICAL LABORATORY IN THE PHILIPPINES at Quiricada Cruz, ManilaStreet, Sta.
MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY
30
Formally organized the Manila Public Health Laboratory:
Dr, Pio de Roda
Dr. Mariano Icasiano
31
DEATH resulting from disease
MORTALITY
32
State of disease and its associated effects on the host
MORBIDITY
33
VAGINAL SMEAR: best taken from the
UPPER LATERAL THIRD OF THE VAGINAL WALL
34
Some evidence of a disease that is experienced or perceived by the patient - something that is subjective. Examples are ache or pain, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), blurred vision
SYMPTOM
35
Some type of objective evidence of a disease. For example, while palpating a patient, a physician might discover a lump or an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) or spleen (splenomegaly). Other signs of disease include abnormal heart or breath sounds, blood pressure, pulse rate, and laboratory results as well as abnormalities that appear on radiographs, ultrasound studies, or computed tomography scans.
SIGN
36
Some type of objective evidence of a disease. For example, while palpating a patient, a physician might discover a lump or an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) or spleen (splenomegaly). Other signs of disease include abnormal heart or breath sounds, blood pressure, pulse rate, and laboratory results as well as abnormalities that appear on radiographs, ultrasound studies, or computed tomography scans.
SIGN
37
Recommended fixative for nervous tissue (CNS) preservation:
FORMALDEHYDE (FORMALIN)
38
Fix sputum since it coagulates mucus
ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN (GENDRE’S) FIXATIVE
39
Fixative for electron microscopy: ______________ FOLLOWED BY SECONDARY FIXATION IN _____________
GLUTARALDEHYDE
OSMIUM TETROXIDE
40
Most common metallic fixative:
MERCURIC CHLORIDE
41
Fixative of choice metallic for tissue photography:
MERCURIC CHLORIDE
42
Removal of black mercurial deposits:
SATURATED IODINE SOLUTION IN 96% ALCOHOL
43
Recommended mainly for tumor biopsies especially of the skin:
HEIDENHAIN’S SUSA SOLUTION
44
Recommended for study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis :
ORTH’S FLUID
45
Excellent fixative for glycogen demonstration:
PICRIC ACID
46
Yellow stain taken in by tissues prevents small fragments from being overlooked:
PICRIC ACID
47
Glacial acetic acid solidifies at what temperature:
17C
48
Effect of glacial acetic acid:
CAUSES THE TISSUES TO SWEL
49
Considered to be as the most rapid fixative; fixes and dehydrates at the same time:
CARNOY’S FLUID
50
Decalcification should be done:
AFTER FIXATION AND BEFORE IMPREGNATION
51
Most common and fastest decalcifying agent used:
NITRIC ACID
52
Decalcified and softens tissue at the same time:
PERENYI’S FLUID
53
Decalcifying agent that contains hydrochloric acid:
VON EBNER’S FLUID
54
Most commonly used clearing agent in histology laboratories:
XYLENE (XYLOL)
55
Fastest embedding:
VACUUM EMBEDDING
56
Highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers:
PARAPLAST
57
Semisynthetic wax recommended for embedding eyes:
BIOLOID
58
Product of paraffin containing rubber:
TISSUE MAT
59
Tissue is soft when block is trimmed:
INCOMPLETE FIXATION
60
Clearing agent block is turns milky:
INCOMPLETE DEHYDRATION
61
Air holes found on tissue during trimming:
INCOMPLETE IMPREGNATION
62
Serves as a link between the tissue and the dye:
MORDANT
63
Accelerates or hastens the speed of the staining reaction:
ACCENTUATOR
64
Probably the best vital dye:
NEUTRAL RED
65
Vital dye recommended for mitochondria:
JANUS GREEN
66
Ripening of hematoxylin:
OXIDATION
67
: recommended for progressive staining but can also be used for regressive staining
ALUM HEMATOXYLIN
68
: used only for differential or regressive staining
IRON HEMATOXYLIN
69
: study of spermatogenesis
COPPER HEMATOXYLIN
70
: study of spermatogenesis
COPPER HEMATOXYLIN
71
Stain for reticulin fibers:
GOMORI’S SILVER IMPREGNATION STAIN
72
Stain for basement membrane:
PAS, AZOCARMINE
73
Stain for muscle striations
MALLORY’S PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID HEMATOXYLIN (PTAH
74
Stain for calcium:
VON KOSSA
75
To avoid distortion of the image, the REFRACTIVE INDEX OF THE MOUNTANT should be as near as possible to that of the glass which is
1.518
76
Staining method of choice for exfoliative cytology: STILL THE ORIGINAL
PAPANICOLAU (PAP’S
77
malignant tumor of EPITHELIAL ORIGIN
CARCINOMA
78
: malignant tumor of CONNECTIVE TISSUE (MESENCHYMAL) ORIGIN
SARCOMA
79
REPORTING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER (PAP’S)
Absence atypical or abnormal cells
CLASS I
80
REPORTING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER (PAP’S)
Atypical cytological picture but no evidence of malignancy
CLASS II
81
REPORTING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER (PAP’S)
Cytologic picture suggestive but not conclusive of malignancy
CLASS III
82
REPORTING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER (PAP’S)
: Cytologic picture strongly suggestive of malignancy
CLASS IV
83
REPORTING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER (PAP’S)
Cytologic picture conclusive of malignancy
CLASS V:
84
: incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ, represented only by a mass of fatty or fibrous tissue,
APLASIA
85
failure of an organ to reach or achieve its full mature or adult side due to incomplete development
HYPOPLASIA
86
complete non-appearance of an organ
AGENESIA
87
:failure of an organ to form an opening
ATRESIA
88
: acquired decrease in size of a normally developed or mature tissue or organ resulting from reduction in cell size or decrease in total number of cells or both
ATROPHY
89
It is most commonly encountered when the arterial supply is cut off producing ANEMIC or ISCHEMIC INFARCTION
COAGULATION NECROSIS
90
Rapid total enzymatic dissolution of cells with complete destruction of the entire cell; most commonly encountered in the brain; also in all tissues in bacterial infections which lead to the formation of pus
LIQUEFACTION (COLLIQUATIVE) NECROSIS
91
Peculiar destruction of adipose tissue, particularly found in pancreatic degenerations
FAT NECROSIS
92
Special form of cell death by the Tubercle Bacillus, the destroyed cells are converted into a granular, friable mass made up of a mixture of coagulated protein and fat, with total loss of cell detail, because in the gross state, the necrotic tissue has the appearance of soft, friable CHEESE.
CASEOUS NECROSIS:
93
Massive death or necrosis of tissue, caused by combination of ischemia and superimposed bacterial infection (necrosis plus putrefaction).
GANGRENOUS NECROSIS
94
PRIMARY CHANGES OR SIGNS OF DEATH
• CIRCULATORY FAILURE
• RESPIRATORY FAILURE
• NERVOUS FAILURE
95
– first demonstrable change, cooling of the body, occurring at definite rate of about 7F per hour
ALGOR MORTIS
96
– rigidity or stiffening of the muscles occurring about 6 to 12 hours after death and persisting for 3 to 4 days
RIGOR MORTIS
97
– purplishdiscoloration of the body
LIVOR MORTIS
98
–immediately after death, rubbery consistency (must differentiate from antemortem clot – before death, friable)
POSTMORTEM CLOTTING
99
– drying and wrinkling of the cornea and anterior chamber of eye due to absorption of the aqueous humor
DESICCATION
100
production of foul-smelling gases due to invasion of the tissue by saprophytic organism
PUTREFACTION
101
self-digestion of cells
AUTOLYSIS –
