HTN Flashcards
Hypertension is BP > […]
Systolic: 130
Diastolic: 80
Age of HTN screening […]
19
Hypertensive urgency
Severe HTN >180/120
Without acute end-organ damage
Hypertensive Emergency
Severe HTN >180/120
With acute end-organ damage
End-organ damage from HTN include:
🧠 encephalopathy, stroke
🫀 MI, HF
👁️ retinal hemorrhage, papilledema
🥐 kidney injury
🩸MAHA / 🤰🏼 Eclampsia
Treatment of choice for urgent HTN:
Oral agents:
Captopril, Clonidine, Labetalol, Nifedipine
Treatment of choice for emergent HTN:
IV infusion:
Esmolol, Labetalol, Nicardipine, Nitroprusside
The most important (effective) life style modification for HTN is […]
Weight loss
Gold standard test for HTN diagnosis […]
Ambulatory BP monitor
The best HTN medication (lower mortality)
Diuretics (Thiazides)
- Hydrochlorothiazides / Chlorothalidone
- Indapamide
- Metolazone
Indapamide is a […]
Thiazide Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics may lead to […]-K and […] acid-base disturbance
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
[…] is a good first line agent in african americans with HTN
CCB
Choice of antihypertensive drug:
In african american […]
Thiazide or CCB
Choice of antihypertensive drug:
In non african american […]
> 55 yrs: CCB
<55 yrs: ACE-i
Choice of antihypertensive drug:
HTN + DM
ACE-i
(Protective against diabetic nephropathy)
Choice of antihypertensive drug:
HTN + CHF/CAD
ACE-i
🚫ß-b in decompensated HF
Choice of antihypertensive drug:
HTN + CKD
ACE-i
When is ß-blocker is the answer for HTN
With :
🔸 Essential tremor
🔸 Hyperthyroidism
🔸 Migraine
🔸 Can be as 1st line with CAD (but ACE-i better)
What are the indications to STOP ACE-i ?
🚫 HyperK
🚫 Cr > 30%
HTN not responsive to medications ?
Secondary HTN
Conn’s
Cushing’s
PheoChromocytoma
Coarctation
Contraceptives
CAH
Renal Artery stenosis
Reaistant HTN + unequal size of the kidney
Renal bruit
Renal artery stenosis
Resistant HTN + headache, palpitation, swetaing
Pheochromocytoma
HTN treatment of pheochromocytoma is […]
a-blocker
