HTN Day 1

Question 1

Types of diuretics

Answer 1

1. Thiazides
2. Loop
3. K+ sparing (aldosterone blockers & K+ sparing)

Question 2

Which ACE-I is available IV?

Answer 2

Enalapril

Question 3

What is unique regarding captopril?

Answer 3

(ACE-I)

• Must dose 2-3x/day
• Must take on empty stomach

Question 4

What is the only direct renin inhibitor?

Answer 4

Aliskiren

Question 5

MOA of thiazides

Answer 5

Inhibit Na reabsorption in DCT

Question 6

MOA of loop diuretics

Answer 6

Inhibit active transport of Na, Cl, K in ascending Loop of Henle (causing excretion)

Question 7

MOA of aldosterone blockers

Answer 7

• Compete w/aldosterone

- Prevent Na reabsorption and K excretion

Question 8

MOA of K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 8

• Block Na reabsorption and K excretion

- INDEPENDENT of aldosterone

Question 9

MOA of ACE-I

Answer 9

• Inhibit ACE which blocks production of AT II
• Results in lack of bradykinin breakdown (vasodilator)
• Dilate efferent arteriole of kidney

Question 10

MOA of calcium channel blockers

Answer 10

Inhibits Ca influx (contraction) of cardiac/vascular smooth muscle

Question 11

Types of Ca channel blockers

Answer 11

1. Dihydropyridines

2. Non-dihydropyridines

Question 12

MOA of dihydropyridines

Answer 12

Inhibits Ca influx into VASCULAR smooth muscle

Question 13

MOA of non-dihydropyridines

Answer 13

Inhibits Ca influx into CARDIAC smooth muscle

Question 14

Dihydropyridine drug examples:

Answer 14

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Nifedipine

Question 15

Non-dihydropyridine drug examples:

Answer 15

Verapamil

Diltiazem

Question 16

First line options for HTN:

Answer 16

1. Thiazide diuretics
2. ACE-I
3. ARBs
4. Ca Channel blockers

Question 17

Which drugs are first line for HTN in DM and CKD patients?

Answer 17

ARBs and ACE-I

Question 18

How do thiazides affect electrolytes?

Answer 18

DECREASE K, Na

INCREASE Ca, gluc, uric acid

Question 19

How do loop diuretics affect electrolytes?

Answer 19

DECREASE everything (K, Na, Ca, Mg) EXCEPT uric acid

Question 20

Which drugs should be given cautiously with sulfa allergic pts?

Answer 20

Thiazides

Loop diuretics

Question 21

What is a rare but serious ADE of ACE-I and ARBs?

Answer 21

Angioedema

Question 22

What is spironolactone commonly used for?

Answer 22

Class IV heart failure

Aldosterone blocker diuretic

Question 23

How are K+ sparing diuretics used for HTN?

Answer 23

In combo w/thiazides

Question 24

Which drug can be used for migraine prophylaxis?

Answer 24

• Verapamil (non-dihydro CCB)

- Can cross BBB

Question 25

Drug examples of aldosterone blocker diuretics:

Answer 25

Spironolactone | Eplerenone

Question 26

Drug examples of K+ sparing diuretics:

Answer 26

Triamterene | Amiloride

Question 27

What are examples of ARBs?

Answer 27

Losartan | Valsartan

Question 28

Which drugs have interactions with K+ supplements, sparing diuretics, and NSAIDs?

Answer 28

ACE-I | ARBs

Question 29

Why shouldn't nifedipine be used sublingually?

Answer 29

Severe hypotension | Reported increase risk for MI and death

Question 30

Which drugs can increase Lithium concentrations?

Answer 30

Thiazides

Question 31

Which drugs can initially increase urination?

Answer 31

Thiazides

Question 32

What are ADEs of spironolactone?

Answer 32

Gynecomastia in men | Menstrual irregularities

Question 33

Which drugs can cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 33

K+ sparing diuretics ACE-I ARBs