HTN + diabetic retinopathy

Question 1

Describe the stages of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 1

Stage 1:
Silver wiring (increased light reflex)
Arteriolar narrowing + tortuosity

Stage 2:
Arteriovenous nipping

Stage 3:
Cotton wool spots, dot and blot haemorrhages

Stage 4:
Papilloedema

Question 2

What are the stages of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 2

None
Non-proliferative (mild, moderate, severe)
Proliferative

Question 3

Describe the stages of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 3

Mild: >1 dot (micro aneurysm)

Moderate: cotton wool spots, dot and blot haemorrhages, venous bleeding/looping

Severe: Blots and dots in 4 quadrants, venous bleeding ni 2 quadrants

Question 4

What is there a high risk of if there is bleeding in diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 4

Vitreous haemorrhage

Question 5

What sit eh sign of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 5

Neovascularisation