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Foundations II Exam 1 > HTN Medications > Flashcards

HTN Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

MOA of Beta Blockers.

A

blocks the activity of catecholamines at β adrenoreceptors, which leads to decreased cardiac output, some decreased PVR, and decreased renin activity (propranolol)

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2
Q

Types of Beta Blockers.

A
  • Cardioselective (β1 receptors)

- Noncardioselective (β1 and β2 receptors)

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3
Q

Cardioselective Beta Blockers medications.

A
  • Atenolol (Tenormin)
  • Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
  • Nabivolol (Bystolic)
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4
Q

Non-cardioselective Beta Blockers medications.

A

-Propranolol (Inderal)
-Nadolol (Corgard)
Combo alpha and beta blockers
-Labetolol (Trandate)
-Carvedilol (Coreg)

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5
Q

Side effects of Beta Blockers.

A
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Fatigue
  • Bradycardia
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Depression
  • Exacerbate reactive airway disease
  • Exacerbate peripheral vascular disease
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6
Q

Cautions and contraindications for beta blockers.

A

Cautions: DM, depression, not for unstable HF. Avoid abrupt cessation. Reduced mortality after MI and with heart failure.
Contraindications= AV block, cariogenic shock, heart failure, hypotension, asthma, COPD.

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7
Q

MOA of Direct Renin Inhibitors.

A

inhibit enzyme activity of renin, reducing the activity of angiotensin I and II and aldosterone

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8
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor medications.

A

Aliskiren (Tekturna)

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9
Q

Side Effects of Direct Renin Inhibitors.

A

Hyperkalemia
Renal impairment
Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema)

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10
Q

Cautions and contraindications of Direct Renin Inhibitors.

A

Avoid combining with ACE-I / ARB in the setting of kidney impairment.
Contraindications= Use with an ACE-I or ARB; pregnancy.

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11
Q

MOA of ARBs.

A

Inhibit the RAAS System.

Helpful in patients with CKD, DM, HF.

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12
Q

ARBs medications:

A 
Losartan (Cozaar)
Valsartan (Diovan)
Olmesartan (Benicar)
Telmisartan (Micardis)
Candesartan (Atacand)
Irbesartan (Avapro)
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13
Q

Side Effects of ARBs.

A

Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Acute renal failure

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14
Q

Contraindications of ARBs.

A

Pregnancy, renal artery stenosis.

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15
Q

MOA of ACE-Inhibitors.

A

inhibit the RAAS system, and stimulate bradykinin (which has a vasodilator effect).
Helpful in patients with CKD, DM, HF, and post-MI.
Less effective in blacks and elderly or in predominant systolic HTN.

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16
Q

Ace-Inhibitor medications.

A 
Lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril)
Quinapril (Accupril)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Ramipril (Altace)
Captopril (Capoten)
Benazepril (Lotensin)
Trandolapril (Mavik)
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17
Q

Side Effects of ACE-Inhibitors.

A

Cough
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Acute renal failure

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18
Q

Contraindications of ACE-Inhibitors:

A

Pregnancy, angioedema, renal artery stenosis

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19
Q

MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers.

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A

Inhibition of calcium influx into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells; decreased calcium inhibits the contractile process leading to vasodilation
Effect: reduced peripheral vascular resistance.
Increased efficacy in blacks, elderly.

20
Q

Types of Calcium Channel Blockers.

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A 
Non-dihydropyridines (verapamil, diltiazem):
-More of a cardiac depressant effect
Dihydropyridines:
-More selective as vasodilators
-Less cardiac depressant effect
21
Q

Non-dihydropyridines Calcium Channel Blocker medications.

Study These Flashcards
A

Cardiac depressant.
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia)

22
Q

Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker medications.

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A 
Selective Vasodilators. 
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Felodipine (Plendil)
Isradipine (Dynacirc)
Nicardipine (Cardene)
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
Nisoldipine (Sular)
23
Q

Side effects (non-DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers.

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A

Bradycardia
Constipation
Gingival hyperplasia
Worsening heart failure

24
Q

Side Effects (DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers.

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A

Peripheral edema
Headache
Flushing

25
Contraindications (non-DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers.
- Acute MI - AV block - Cardiogenic shock - Heart failure - Hypotension - Sick sinus syndrome - Ventricular dysfunction or V tachycardia - WPW syndrome
26
Contraindications (DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers
- Acute MI | - In urgent/emergent HTN, immediate release nifedipine is contraindicated
27
Aldosterone Antagonists medication.
Spironolactone (Aldactone, Aldactazide) | Technically a potassium sparing diuretic but not potent as an antihypertensive.
28
Side Effects of Aldosterone Antagonists.
Hyperkalemia | Gynecomastia
29
Contraindications of Aldosterone Antagonists.
Renal Impairment, DM with proteinuria, hyperkalemia.
30
Potassium sparing diuretic medications.
Triamterene (Dyrenium). | Weak antihypertensive.
31
Potassium sparing diuretic Side Effects.
Hyperkalemia (esp with CKD, DM) Nephrolithiasis. Renal dysfunction.
32
Cautions and contraindications of Potassium sparing diuretics.
Caution combining with ACE-I, ARB, DRI, K supplements. | Contraindications= hepatic disease, renal failure, hyperkalemia.
33
Loop Diuretic medications.
Furosemide (Lasix). | Poor antihypertensive. Reserved for patients with kidney disease or fluid retention.
34
Loop Diuretic Side Effects.
``` Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia Sexual dysfunction Hypercholesterolemia Glucose disturbance *Supplement potassium ```
35
Thiazide Type Diuretic medications:
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
36
Thiazide Type Diuretic Side Effects:
``` Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypercalcemia Hyponatremia Sexual dysfunction Hyperuricemia (gout) Glucose disturbance Dyslipidemia ```
37
Contraindications for Thiazide Type Diuretics.
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide derived drugs.
38
MOA of Diuretics:
Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the nephron, increasing sodium and water excretion.
39
Types of Diuretics.
Thiazide-type Diuretics Loop Diuretics Potassium Sparing Diuretics Aldosterone antagonists.
40
MOA of Central Alpha Agonists.
stimulate α2 adrenergic receptors in the brain which reduces CNS sympathetic outflow. Avoid abrupt cessation(rebound HTN).
41
Central Alpha Agonist medications.
Clonidine (Catapres) | Methyldopa
42
Side effects of central alpha agonists.
``` Anticholinergic side effects Bradycardia Orthostatic hypotension Dizziness Rebound HTN Methyldopa: Hepatitis, Hemolytic anemia, Fever. ```
43
Contraindications of central alpha agonists.
Methyldopa in liver disease.
44
What is the only HTN medication that can be taken while pregnant.
Methyldopa.
45
MOA of Alpha Blockers.
Targets α1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle, causing peripheral vascular resistance to decrease, thus decreasing blood pressure. Use in mild-moderate HTN and not for mono therapy. ALLHAT trial showed increased risk of heart failure with doxazosin. Compelling indication (JNC7) = BPH
46
Alpha Blocker medications.
Doxazosin (Cardura) Terazosin (Hytrin) Prazosin (Minipress)
47
Side effects of alpha blockers.
Orthostatic Hypotension Reflex tachycardia Dizziness.

Foundations II Exam 1 (1 decks)

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