HTN Pharm

Question 0

Loop Diuretic

Answer 0

Furosemide - Lasix
-more potent then thiaides
-inhibit the Na/K/Cl cotrnsporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle
-used for severe HTN and CHF
AE: hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, dehydration

Question 1

Thiazides

Answer 1

hyrochlorothiazide, chlorthialidone

• 1st line
• reabsorption of Na and Cl, distal convoluted tubue
• monotherapy for ild HTN
• not effective when kidney function inadequate
• AE: hypokalemia hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia

Question 2

K sparing

Answer 2

Spironolactone, Amiloride
-weak diuretics
-inihibt the Na proton exchanger in distal collecting tubules
AE: hyperkalemia
-sprionolactone: used in CHF for pts on digitalis
monitor pts on ACE since both cause K elevations

Question 3

Beta Blockers

Answer 3

betalol-AMP
Atenolol, metoprolol, propanolol
1st line HTN - those w/ compelling indications
-more effective in whites 
-preexisting onditions
-AM is cardiac selective
-P non cardio selective
-decrease CO, decrease renin release
AE: low HR, dizy, HA, withdrwl

Question 4

Mxed alpha/Beta blockers

Answer 4

Labetatol

• decrease CO and renin, and vasodilator
• HTN emergencies

Question 5

Alph 1 adrenergic receptor blocker

Answer 5

Prazosin, Terazosin

• 3rd/4th line
• competitive antagonist for alpha 1 receptors
• relaxes arterial and venous smooth muscles,, vasodilation, decrease PVR
• used in non responsive pts
• combine

Question 6

Alpha 2 Agonists

Answer 6

Methyldopa, Clonidine

• stimulate CNS alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
• decrease sympathetic outflow fro CNS and reduced peripheral resistance
• AE: sedation, depression, nightmares, dry mouth

Question 7

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 7

DVAN
diltiazem, verapramil, amlodipine, nicardipine
-arterial vasodilator
-alt to diuretics or beta blockers
-Dihyropyridines: A and N, inhibit a entry and smooth muscle contractility
-non-dihyropyridines: V and D, reduce smooth muscle contractility and reduce HR, force and contraction, do not combine with Beta Blockers, have synergistic effect cause severe bradycardi

Question 8

ACE inhibitors

Answer 8

Going to take my BC so i ACE my test
-Benzapril and Captopril
-used as alt monotherapy and in HF
-enhanced w/ diuretics
-decreases vasoconstriction, enhances vasodilation, prevents aldosterone secretion
AE: cough, hyperkalemia, dont use in pregs

Question 9

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists/blockers

Answer 9

ARBS
Candesartan, losartan
-similar to ACE but dont have cough
-enhanced when combined with diuretics
-used as alt to ACE
-higher cost than ACE

Question 10

Renin inhibitors

Answer 10

Aliskiren

• newer drug
• alt monotherapy or combo w/ HCTZ
• similar to ACE
• AE: hyperkalemia

Question 11

Arterial Vasodilator

Answer 11

Hyralazine, minoxidil

• used in chronic HT or emergency
• relaxes vascular smooth muscle and decreases PVR

Question 12

Arterial and Venous vasodilator

Answer 12

Nitroprusside

• Used IV
• Rapid control of BP
• used in crises
• not for chronic HTN