HUBS 1 Flashcards
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process of keeping the conditions in the body the same. It uses negative feedback and feed forward mechanisms to achieve this.
Extra cellular fluid is regulated to ensure enzymes work in optimal conditions and the cells do not “die.”
Negative feedback
Negative feedback changes a controlled variable in the opposite direction, returning it back to its set point value.
Feed forward
Feed forward occurs in anticipation of a controlled variable changing before it actually does. This can be behavioral (wearing more clothes before going out in the cold) or physiological (salivating when smelling food).
Positive feedback
Positive feedback pushes a controlled variable further from the set point, for example when giving birth the female’s uterus is stimulated to have stronger and stronger contractions the more it stretches as the baby passes through during delivery. The contractions only stop once the stimulus is gone i.e. the baby is delivered.
Passive transport
Passive transport = molecules move down their concentration gradient and therefore do not require energy.
Active transport
Active transport = molecules move against a concentration gradient, which requires energy.
Extension
straightening or increasing the angle at a joint.
Flexion
bending or decreasing the angle between a joint.
Abduction
moving away from the body laterally.
Adduction
Moving towards the body medially.
Supination
Turning the palm to face upwards
Pronation
Turing the palm to face downwards.
Dorsiflexion
Pointing the toes to the sky.
Plantarflexion
Pointing the toes to the ground.
Inversion
rolling the ankle inwards.
