HUG Exam Review Flashcards
(93 cards)
The total number of people divided by the total land area. This is what most people think of as density; how many people per area of land.
Arithmetic density
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. This is important because it relates to how much land is being used by how many people.
Physiological density
The region which innovative ideas originate. Relates to the important concept of the spreading of ideas from one area to another (diffusion).
Hearth
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. Ex: spread of AIDS from NY, Cali, & FL
Relocation diffusion
The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. This can happen in three ways.
Expansion diffusion
The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places (ex: hip hop and rap music)
Hierarchical diffusion
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population (ex: ideas placed on the internet)
Contagious diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic apparently fails to diffuse (ex: PC & Apple competition)
Stimulus diffusion
A 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
Environmental determinism
The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.
Possibilism
The physical character of a place; what is found at the location and why it is significant.
Site
The location of a place relative to other places.
Situation
Physical location of geographic phenomena across space.
Spatial distribution
Representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. In cartography, the ratio of map distance to ground distance, indicated on a map as a bar graph, representative fraction, and/or verbal statement.
Scale
An area within which everyone shares in common one or mare distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as common language, or an environmental climate.
Formal Region
Area organized around a node or focal point.
The characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus or node and diminishes in important outward. This region is tied to the central point by transportation or communication systems or by economic or functional associations.
Functional Region
Place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity.
Such regions emerge from people’s informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought. (Often identified using a mental map- internal representation of a portion of Earth’s surface)
Vernacular region
Often referred to as a place’s toponym (the name given to a place on Earth)
Place name
The formula that calculates population change. Helps to determine which stage in the demographic transition model a country is in.
Demographic equation
Stage 1: Low growth
Stage 2: High growth
Stage 3: Moderate growth
Stage 4: Low growth
Stage 5: Possible stage that includes zero or negative pop. group
Important because its the way that other countries around the world are transformed from less to more developed.
Demographic transition model (DTM)
The number of years needed to double a population.
Doubling time
The proportion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement. Tells how much land has been built upon and how much is left to build on.
Ecumene
The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. Shown as infant deaths/ 1000 live births rather than a %.
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The first one to argue that the world’s rate of pop. increase was far outrunning the development of food population.
Thomas Malthus
