human anat. terms Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
anatomy
A
study of the structure of the body
2
Q
physiology
A
study of how the body functions
3
Q
anatomical position
A
body upright, head face forward, upper extremities are to the side, palms forward, feet flat
4
Q
parasagittal =
A
unequal
5
Q
midsagittal
A
equal
6
Q
anatomical planes: transverse
A
horizontal
7
Q
anatomical planes: sagittal
A
vertical
8
Q
terms of direction: high/top
A
superior/cranial
9
Q
terms of direction: low/bottom
A
inferior
10
Q
front
A
anterior/ventral
11
Q
back
A
posterior/caudal/dorsal
12
Q
cranial
A
skull
13
Q
caudal
A
bottom of spinal cord
14
Q
upper extremities
A
proximal
15
Q
lower extremities
A
distal
16
Q
lateral
A
how far from body
17
Q
medial
A
how close to the body (mid-line)
18
Q
superficial
A
closer to the body surface
19
Q
body cavities
A
dorsal (cranial, spinal)
20
Q
ventral cavities
A
thoracic (pericardial, pleural)
21
Q
abdominopelvic
A
abdomen, pelvic
22
Q
diaghram
A
breathing/muscle
23
Q
mediastinum
A
trachea, esophagus, major vessels
24
Q
visceral
A
touching organ
25
air space
actual cavity
26
parietial
contact with body wall
27
visceral
contact with organs
28
abdominal pelvic quadrants: right upper
gallbladder
29
abdominal pelvic quadrants: right lower
appendix
30
abdominal pelvic quadrants: left upper
spleen/stomach
31
abdominal pelvic quadrants: left lower
urinary bladder
32
abdominal pelvic regions: right upper
hypochondriac
33
abdominal pelvic regions: right mid
lumbar
34
abdominal pelvic regions: right lower
inguinal/groin
35
abdominal pelvic regions: middle upper
epigastric
36
abdominal pelvic regions: middle
umbilical
37
abdominal pelvic regions: middle lower
hypogastric
38
abdominal pelvic regions: left upper
hypochondriac
39
abdominal pelvic regions: left middle
lumbar
40
abdominal pelvic regions: left lower
inguinal
41
general anatomical terms (front): forehead
prons/frontal
42
general anatomical terms (front): skull
cranium/cranial
43
general anatomical terms (front): eye
oculus/ocular/orbital
44
general anatomical terms (front): cheek
bucca/buccal
45
general anatomical terms (front): face
facies/facial
46
general anatomical terms (front): ear
otic/auris
47
general anatomical terms (front): nose
nasus/nasal
48
general anatomical terms (front): mouth
oral/oris
49
general anatomical terms (front): chin
mentis/mental
50
general anatomical terms (front): armpit
axilla/axillary
51
general anatomical terms (front): upper arm/bicep
brachium/brachial
52
general anatomical terms (front): front of elbow
antecubital/antecubitis
53
general anatomical terms (front): forearm
antebrachium/antebrachial
54
general anatomical terms (front): wrist
carpal/carpus
55
general anatomical terms (front): palm
palma/palmar
56
general anatomical terms (front): fingers
digits/phalanges
57
general anatomical terms (front): thumb
pollex/pollicis
58
general anatomical terms (front): neck
cervicis/cervical
59
general anatomical terms (front): thorax
thoreis/thoratic
60
general anatomical terms (front): breast
mamma/mamary
61
general anatomical terms (front): abdominal
abdomen
62
general anatomical terms (front): naval
umbillicus/umbilical
63
general anatomical terms (front): hip
coxal
64
general anatomical terms (front): pelvic
pelvis
65
general anatomical terms (front): groin
inguen/inguinal
66
general anatomical terms (front): pubic
pubis
67
general anatomical terms (front): thigh
femur/femoral
68
general anatomical terms (front): kneecap
patella/patellar
69
general anatomical terms (front): leg
crus/crural
70
general anatomical terms (front): ankle
tarsus/tarsal
71
general anatomical terms (front): foot
pedal/pes
72
general anatomical terms (front): toes
digits/phalanges
73
general anatomical terms (front): big toe
hallux
74
general anatomical terms (back): head
cephalon
75
general anatomical terms (back): neck
cervicis
76
general anatomical terms (back): shoulder
acromial
77
general anatomical terms (back): back
dorsum/dorsal
78
general anatomical terms (back): arm
brachium/brachial
79
general anatomical terms (back): back elbow
olecranon/olecranal
80
general anatomical terms (back): loin (lower back)
lumbus/lumbar
81
general anatomical terms (back): sacrum
sacral
82
general anatomical terms (back): hand
manus
83
general anatomical terms (back): butt
gluteus/gluteal
84
general anatomical terms (back): back of knee
popliteus/popliteal
85
general anatomical terms (back): calf
sura/sural
86
general anatomical terms (back): heel of foot
calcaneus
87
general anatomical terms (back): sole of foot
planta
88
terms describing movement: flexion
decreasing angle of joint (closer to origin)
89
terms describing movement: extension
increasing body angle (straighten out)
90
terms describing movement: hyperextension
more extension
91
terms describing movement: abduction
taking away
92
terms describing movement: adduction
adding to body
93
terms describing movement: circumduction
shoulder (joint/hip)
94
terms describing movement: rotation - lateral
external
95
terms describing movement: rotation - medial
internal
96
terms describing movement: supination
palms up
97
terms describing movement: pronation
palms face down
98
terms describing movement: elevation
close
99
terms describing movement: depression
open
100
terms describing movement: retraction
backward
101
terms describing movement: protection
forward
102
terms describing movement: dorsiflexion
ankle flexion
103
terms describing movement: plantarflexion
ankle extension
104
terms describing movement: inversion
inwards
105
terms describing movement: invert
towards inside
106
the cell: ribosomes
building block of amino acids (synthesis polypeptide
107
the cell: nucleus
control center of the cell
108
the cell: mitochondrion
synthesis energy (ATP) supplies cell
109
the cell: cytoskeleton
foundation of the cell
110
the cell: golgi-apparatus
synthesis carbohydrates
111
the cell: rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis lipids (fats)
112
the cell: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis proteins and manufactures
113
the cell: plasma membrane
regulates exchange of materials between cytoplasm and ECF
114
the cell membrane: hydrophilic
polar (outside) phospholipid bilayer
115
the cell membrane: hydrophobic
non-polar (inside/tails) phosphate head
116
the cell membrane: semipermeable
what comes through
117
cell membrane:
selectively permeable, only allows certain things in and out of the cell, protein/carrier protein
118
diffusion:
higher concentration to lower concentration
119
simple diffusion:
through a phospholipid bilayer, small and non-polar particles
120
facilitated diffusion:
transport protein, large or polar particles
121
osmosis:
diffusion with water (high to low)
122
crenation:
when a cell is hypersensitive to a hypertonic solution causing it to shrink
123
hypotonic solution:
below/low concentration
124
isotonic solution:
same (inside/out)
125
hypertonic solution:
"lots of" (excess/outside)
126
control center/comparator:
brain
127
effector:
muscle/gland, responds to control (fixes imbalance)
128
homeostasis:
balanced
129
receptor:
sensory, receives stimulus (where problem is), 5 senses
130
negative feedback loop:
dampens or buffers the change, keeps system closer to equilibrium (more stable)
131
positive feedback loop:
enhances/amplifies changes, moves system away from equilibrium
132
example of positive feedback loop:
birth/blood clot
133
example of negative feedback loop:
body temp
134
