Human Anatomy Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Human Digestive System
A
2
Q
Urinary Tract
A
3
Q
Male Reproductive System
A
4
Q
Female Reproductive System
A
5
Q
Heart
A
6
Q
Respiratory System
A
7
Q
Brain Lobes
A
8
Q
Brain Structures
A
9
Q
Identify: 1
A
Mouth
Oral cavity through which food and air enter the body.
10
Q
Identify: 2
A
Palate
The roof of the mouth, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
11
Q
Identify: 3
A
Uvula
Secretes saliva and prevents food/liquid from going up nose when swallowing.
12
Q
Identify: 4
A
Tongue
Involved in chewing, tasting, breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
13
Q
Identify: 5
A
Teeth
Allows food to be mechanically digested for easier passage down the esophagus.
14
Q
Identify: 6
A
Salivary Glands
Excretes saliva.
* Digests starch through amylase enzymes.
* Breaks down fats through lingual lipase enzymes.
* Lubricates.
15
Q
Identify: 7
A
Sublingual Gland
Smallest of three major salivary glands.
Primarily secretes mucus
16
Q
Identify: 8
A
Submandibular Gland
Midsized of three major salivary glands.
Produces most of the saliva.
17
Q
Identify: 9
A
Parotid Gland
Largest of three major salivary glands.
18
Q
Identify: 10
A
Liver
Filters blood and breaks down toxins.
Produces bile, a fluid that helps digest fats
19
Q
Identify: 11
A
Gallbladder
Stores bile from the liver.
20
Q
Identify: 12
A
Common Bile Duct
Transports bile
1. Liver
2. Gallbladder
3. Pancreas
4. Small Intestine
21
Q
Identify: 13
A
Small Intestine
The organ primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients and water.
22
Q
Identify: 14
A
Duodenum
- The first part of the small intestine.
- Smallest section
- Where food mixes with bile and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
23
Q
Identify: 15
A
Jejunum
- The second part of the small intestine.
- Second largest section.
- Peristalsis (involuntary contraction of smooth muscle) is most vigorous in the Jejunum.
24
Q
Identify: 16
A
Ileum
- Last part of the small intestine.
- Largest section.
- Specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and reabsorption of conjugated bile salts.
25
Identify: 17
Appendix
Vestigial organ with unclear function
26
Identify: 18
Anus
The opening through which stool exits the body.
27
Identify: 19
Pharynx
* Carries air into the respiratory system.
* Pushes food into the esophagus and ensures it isn't breathed in.
* Equalizes pressure in the ears and drains fluid from it.
28
Identify: 20
Esophagus
Carries food and liquid from mouth to stomach.
29
Identify: 21
Stomach
* Temporarily stores food
* Contracts to mechanically break down food
* Produces enzymes to digest food
30
Identify: 22
Pancreas
* Releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
* Produces hormones such as insulin to regulate blood sugar.
31
Identify: 23
Pancreatic Duct
Carries pancreatic products from the pancreas to the duodenum (first section of the small intestine).
32
Identify: 24
Large Intestine
* Absorbs water and electrolytes
* Produces and absorbs vitamins
* Propels feces towards the rectum for elimination
33
Identify: 25
Transverse Colon
* Third of five sections of the large intestine.
* Horizontal section of the large intestine, longest and most mobile.
34
Identify: 26
Ascending Colon
Second of five sections of the large intestine.
35
Identify: 27
Cecum
The first of five sections of the large intestine following the small intestine.
36
Identify: 28
Descending Colon
Fourth of five sections of the large intestine.
37
Identify: 29
Sigmoid Colon
Last of five sections of the large intestine.
38
Identify: 30
Rectum
Holds feces until it is appropriate to release it.
39
Identify: A
Kidney (Right)
Removes waste and excess fluid from the body. Helps regulate the balance of water, salts, and minerals in the blood.
40
Identify: B
Ureter
Transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
41
Identify: C
Bladder
Stores and holds urine until it can be excreted.
42
Identify: D
Sphincter
A ring shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to regulate the excretion of feces.
43
Identify: E
Kidney (Left)
Removes waste and excess fluid from the body. Helps regulate the balance of water, salts, and minerals in the blood.
44
Identify: F
Ureter
Transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
45
Identify: G
Urethra
The tube through which urine leaves the body from the bladder.
46
Identify: A
Urinary Bladder
Stores and holds urine until it can be excreted.
47
Identify: B
Prostate Gland
Produces seminal fluid to nourish and transport sperm cells.
48
Identify: C
Bulbourethral Gland
Produces pre-ejaculate that cleanses and lubricates the urethra prior to semen ejaculation.
49
Identify: D
Erectile Tissue of Penis
Engorges with blood to stiffen penis and allow vaginal penetration in reproduction activities.
50
Identify: E
Vas Deferens
A coiled tube that transports sperm out of the Epididymis.
51
Identify: F
Epididymis
Where sperm complete maturation and are stored until ejaculation
52
Identify: G
Testis
Produces Sperm and synthesizes testosterone.
53
Identify: H
Seminal Vesicle (Behind Bladder)
Produces fluids that will turn into semen
54
Identify: J
Urethra
The tube through which urine leaves the body from the bladder.
55
Identify: K
Scrotum
* The sac in which the testes and relevant parts are contained within.
* Allows for the thermoregulation of the testicles below body temperature which is essential for sperm production.
56
Identify: L
Glans of Penis
* The bulbous section of the penis protected and covered by the Prepuce (foreskin).
* Lined with mucous membrane, it contains dense nerve endings.
* Primarily responsible for sexual pleasure during reproduction.
57
Identify: A
Ovaries
The organ in which ova (eggs) are produced.
58
Identify: B
Uterus
Also called a womb, it is the organ that accommodates fetal development until birth.
59
Identify: C
Cervix
* The passage through which sperm must travel to fertilize an egg after sexual intercourse.
* During childbirth, the cervix flattens and dilates to allow the fetus to exit the uterus.
60
Identify: D
Oviduct or Fallopian Tubes
The tube through which an ovum (egg) passes from an ovary to the uterus.
61
Identify: E
Follicles
The sacs in the ovary that house undeveloped eggs until ovulation.
62
Identify: F
Corpus Luteum
A temporary gland structure that secretes estrogen and progesterone to prepare the body for conception.
63
Identify: G
Uterine Wall
Provides a protected environment for the fetus and nourishes it, removes waste, and provides structural support.
64
Identify: H
Endometrium
Tissue that lines the uterus
65
Identify: J
Vagina
* Receives the penis during sexual intercourse.
* The exit of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during menstruation.
* Exit passage of fetus during childbirth.
66
Identify: A
Superior Vena Cava
A large vein that transports deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the Right Atrium.
67
Identify: B
Pulmonary Vein
Veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
68
Identify: C
Right Atrium
One of four chambers of the heart.
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and transfers it to the right ventricle
69
Identify: D
Pulmonary Valve
Regulates flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
70
Identify: E
Tricuspid Valve
Controls the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
71
Identify: F
Inferior Vena Cava
A large vein that transports deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the Right Atrium.
72
Identify: G
Right Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium. Pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
73
Identify: H
Aorta
The primary artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
74
Identify: J
Pulmonary Artery
* The only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.
* Transports blood from the heart to the lungs.
75
Identify: K
Pulmonary Vein
Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
76
Identify: L
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
77
Identify: M
Mitral Valve
Regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
78
Identify: N
Aortic Valve
Regulates oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the aorta artery. Ensures no back-flow.
79
Identify: O
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the rest of the body.
80
Identify: A
Pharynx
* Carries air into the respiratory system.
* Pushes food into the esophagus and ensures it isn’t breathed in.
* Equalizes pressure in the ears and drains fluid from it.
81
Identify: B
Larynx
* Respiratory tract
* Vocal sound production
* Prevents food and other particles from entering the respiratory system
82
Identify: C
Esophagus
Carries food and liquid from mouth to stomach.
83
Identify: D
Trachea
The passageway from the oral/nasal cavity to the lungs.
84
Identify: E
Right Lung
* The site of respiration, gas exchange. O2 in, CO2 out.
85
Identify: F
Bronchus
Distributes air throughout the lungs from the trachea.
86
Identify: G
Bronchiole
The narrowest airways of the lungs that carry air to alveoli (small sacs that perform gas exchange)
87
Identify: H
Diaphragm
A thin dome shaped muscle that creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs.
88
Identify: J
Nasal Cavity
Filters and moistens air before it goes into the lungs.
89
Identify: K
Left Lung
* The site of respiration, gas exchange. O2 in, CO2 out.
90
Identify: A
Cerebrum
* Conscious thought
* Memory
91
Identify: B
Pituitary Gland
* Part of the neuroendocrine system.
* Monitors glands and organs to regulate the secretion of hormones.
92
Identify: C
Spinal Cord
* Sends motor commands from the brain to the body and vice versa.
* Coordinates reflexes.
93
Identify: D
Diencephalon
* Relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control.
94
Identify: E
Hypothalamus
* Produces hormones that control body temperature, heart rate, hunger.
95
Identify: F
Thalamus
* All sensory information except smell is processed through the thalamus before being sent to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.
* Plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning, and memory.
96
Identify: G
Pineal Gland/Epithalamus
* Receives information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and conveys this information through the secretion of melatonin hormone.
97
Identify: H
Brainstem
* Controls breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep.
98
Identify: J
Midbrain
* Controls the movement of the body and functions as the channel for spinal cord sensory transmissions to the brain.
99
Identify: K
Pons
* Controls unconscious processes such as the sleep-wake cycle and breathing.
100
Identify: L
Medulla Oblongata
* controls vital processes like the heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.
101
Identify: M
Cerebellum
* Conscious thought
* Memory
102
Identify: N
Central Canal
* Transports cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which comes from the brain's ventricular system.
103
Identify: A
Frontal Lobe
* Controls voluntary movement, expressive language, and manages higher level executive functions.
* Executive functions such as the capacity to plan, organize, initiate, and control one's responses to achieve a goal.
104
Identify: B
Temporal Lobe
* Processes auditory information
* Encodes memory
105
Identify: C
Brainstem
* Relays information between the brain and the spinal cord.
* Autonomic control of heart, lungs, and the digestive system.
106
Identify: D
Parietal Lobe
* Processes touch sensory information and assembles input from other senses to a usable form to respond to.
107
Identify: E
Occipital Lobe
* Responsible for visual perception, color, form, and visual motion.
108
Identify: F
Cerebellum
Coordinates complex motor patterns
