Human Anatomy: Introduction

Question 1

Where does the word “anatomy” come from?

Answer 1

It comes from the Greek word anatome meaning “dissection” or “to cut apart”

Question 2

What is “anatomical position”?

Answer 2

Refers to a person standing erect with the head, eyes, and palms forward. The feet are together with the toes pointing forward and the arms are hanging by the sides

Question 3

What are the structural levels in the body?

Answer 3

The cells, tissues, organs, and systems

Question 4

What is “connective tissue”?

Answer 4

The tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body. Ligaments and tendons are examples

Question 5

How are organs formed?

Answer 5

By combining two or more tissues to serve as a specialized physiologic center for the body. The stomach is an example

Question 6

What is “epithelial tissue”?

Answer 6

A tissue that lines various body cavities

Question 7

What is “digestion”?

Answer 7

The process of breaking down food into small enough units for absorption

Question 8

What is “absorption”?

Answer 8

The uptake of nutrients across a tissue or membrane by the gastrointestinal tract

Question 9

What is the “esophagus”?

Answer 9

The food pipe; the conduit from the mouth to the stomach

Question 10

What are the systems in the body that fitness professionals should know?

Answer 10

cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, skeletal, nervous, muscular, and endocrine

Question 11

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 11

Toward the front

Question 12

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 12

Toward the back

Question 13

Superior

Answer 13

Toward the head

Question 14

Inferior

Answer 14

Away from the head

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

Toward the midline of the body

Question 16

Lateral

Answer 16

Away from the midline of the body

Question 17

Proximal

Answer 17

Toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Question 18

Distal

Answer 18

Away from the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Question 19

Superficial

Answer 19

External; located close to or on the body surface

Question 20

Deep

Answer 20

Internal; located further beneath the body surface that the superficial structures

Question 21

Cervical

Answer 21

A regional term referring to the neck

Question 22

Thoracic

Answer 22

A regional term referring to the portion of the body between the neck and the abdomen; aka the chest

Question 23

Lumbar

Answer 23

A regional term referring to the portion of the back between the abdomen and the pelvis

Question 24

Plantar

Answer 24

The sole or bottom of the feet

Question 25

Dorsal

Answer 25

The top surface of the feet and hands

Question 26

Palmar

Answer 26

The anterior or ventral surface of the hands

Question 27

Sagittal plane

Answer 27

A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections

Question 28

Frontal plane

Answer 28

A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; lies at a right angle to the sagittal plane

Question 29

Transverse place

Answer 29

A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior sections; aka the horizontal plane

Question 30

arthro

Answer 30

joint

Question 31

bi

Answer 31

two

Question 32

brachium

Answer 32

arm

Question 33

cardio

Answer 33

heart

Question 34

cephalo

Answer 34

head

Question 35

chondro

Answer 35

cartilage

Question 36

costo

Answer 36

rib

Question 37

dermo

Answer 37

skin

Question 38

hemo, hemat

Answer 38

blood

Question 39

ilio

Answer 39

ilium

Question 40

myo

Answer 40

muscle

Question 41

os, osteo

Answer 41

bone

Question 42

pulmo

Answer 42

lung

Question 43

thoraco

Answer 43

chest

Question 44

tri

Answer 44

three