Human Anatomy practice questions Flashcards by laura yasnowsky

A group of cells join to form an organ
True or False

False

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Anaphase is the second stage of mitosis
True or False

False 4th phase of mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase

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Mitochondria supply the cell with its energy
True or False

True

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Support and secretion are important functions of a cell
True or False

False

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Lymphoid tissue is a type of connective tissue
True or False

True

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Osmosis describes the movement of water through the cell membrane from an area of high concentration until the concentration is equal on both sides
True or False

True

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Cell multiplication is known as mitosis
True or False

True

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Columnar epithelium are cells which line the respiratory system
True or False

False

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Ribosomes produce proteins to use within the cell
True or False

True

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After fertilisation the sperm and the egg fuse together to form an embryo
True or False

False form a zygote

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The cell divides into 2 cells in the metaphase of mitosis
True or False

False

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Ribosomes destroy harmful bacteria and worn out parts of the cell
True or False

False

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The nucleus is known as the control centre of the cell
True or False

True

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Adipose and areolar tissue are types of connective tissue
True or False

True

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ATP is formed within the mitochondria and is responsible for the production of protein
True or False

False

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of thin, flattened cells attached to a basement membrane
True or False

True

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Chromosomes are formed during the anaphase
True or False

True

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A group of tissues join to form a system
True or False

False form a organ

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A zygote has 23 chromosomes
True or False

False

46 chromosomes

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Fibrous tissue is found in the lining of the heart
True or False

False

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Yellow elastic cartilage is found in areas where flexibility is needed
True or False

True

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Sex cell division is known as meiosis
True or False

True

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Non keratinised stratified epithelium is found on dry surfaces, e.g. nails
True or False

False

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Diffusion occurs when small molecules pass through tiny pores in the cell membrane.
True or false

True

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25. The cytoplasm controls what substances are passed out of the cell such as carbon True or False

False

26. Ciliated epithelium have fine, hair like projections called cilia attached to its surface True or False

True

27. Smooth ER and rough ER are types of endoplasmic reticulum True or False

True

28. The cell is the basic unit of life True or False

True

29. Ribosomes are empty spaces within the cytoplasm True or false

False

30. Squamous epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs True or False

True

31. The cytoplasm surrounds the cell membrane supplying it with nutrients for growth and repair True or False

False

32. Simple and compound are 2 types of epithelial tissue True or False

True

33. Yellow elastic cartilage forms the intervertebral discs of the spine True or False

False

34. Centrioles play an important part in cell division and are contained within the golgi apparatus True or false

False

35. Adipose tissue helps to form tendons which attach muscle to bone True or False

False

36. Filtration occurs when there is a difference in pressure on each side of the membrane, causing the movement of water and dissolved substances across the membrane True or False

True

37. Telophase is the third phase of mitosis True or False

False its the final or 5th phase Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telephase

38. Columnar epithelium is found in the kidney tubules, ovaries, thyroid gland and salivary glands True or false

False

39. Histology describes the study of cells and tissues True or False

True

40. The term catabolism refers to the chemical breakdown of large, complex substances into smaller, simpler ones True or False

True

1. Cells which help to move unwanted particles away from the lungs, keeping passageways clear=?

Ciliated

2. Tissue which is protective, provides insulation and is an energy reserve=?

Adipose tissue

3. A type of cartilage that contains chondrocytes and is found on the surfaces of the end of bones that form joints=?

hyaline cartilage

4. The most solid of all connective tissue, it supports and protects the body=?

Bone

5. Epithelium which provides lubrication=?

non keratinised

6. Tissue which helps to protect the body from infection=?

lymphoid

7. Cells involved in the secretion and absorption of mucus=?

columnar

8. A type of epithelium whose cells can change shape when they are stretched =?

transitional

9. A strong tissue made up of collagen fibres that forms tendons and ligaments and provides a protective outer covering for organs=?

white fibrous

10. A flexible cartilage, which maintains its shape=?

yellow elastic

11. A type of epithelial with flattened cells that line the alveoli of the lungs=?

Squamous

12. A type of connective tissue that is found in most parts of the body=?

areolar

13. A type of tissue that contains neurones and is responsible for coordinating and controlling the body's activities=?

nervous

14. Stratified epithelium that protects the underlying tissues and prevents them from drying out =?

keratinized

15. Tissue where elasticity is required to enable the stretching of various organs=?

yellow elastic

16. A liquid connective tissue that transports nutrients throughout the body, fights infection and forms clots=?

blood

17. a type of simple epithelium that is responsible for the absorption and secretion of substances=?

cuboidal

18. Tissue which maintains posture and moves the body=?

muscle

19. Cartilage that forms the intervertebral disc=?

White fibrous

1. under the skin and in the alimentary canal=?

Areolar

2. Intervertebral discs=?

White Fibrocartilage

3. Lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils=?

Lymphoid

4. At the ends of long bones that form joints=?

Hyaline cartilage

5. Inside the mouth and conjunctiva of the eyes=?

non keratinized

6. Linning of the heart and blood vessels=?

squamous

7. Bladder and uterus =?

transitional

8. The respiratory system=?

ciliated

9. Ligaments=?

white fibrous

10. Stomach and small intestine=?

columnar

11. Hair, nails and skin=?

keratinized

12. Pinna and epiglottis=?

yellow elastic

13. Kidney tubules and ovaries =?

cuboidal

1. During the metaphase of mitosis, the ___ ____ disappears completely

Nuclear membrane

2. The stomach and intestines are lined with ___ epithelium

Columnar

3. ATP is the main provider of ___ within the cell

Energy

4. The ___ ___ stores the protein received from the endoplasmic reticulum and later transports it out of the cell

Golgi Apparatus

5. The telophase is the ___ of mitosis

4th

6. During the ___ of mitosis the chromatids are stretched further apart, moving to each end of the cell

Anaphase

7. ___ ___ tissue enables organs to be stretched and returned to their original shape

Yellow Elastic

8. A group of cells join together to form ____

tissue

9. Human cells contain ____ chromosomes

10. During the prophase of mitosis, pairs of ___ become visible

Chromosomes

11. Fatty tissue is aka ___ tissue

adipose tissue

12. Ciliated epithelium lines the ___ system

Respiratory

13. Vacoules contain ___ spaces within the cytoplasm

Empty

14. The ____ is known as the brain of the cell, controlling the cell's activities

Nucleus

15. the ___ is the first phase of mitosis

Prophase

1. During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell, each attached to the spindle fibre by its centromere?

metaphase

2. What type of epithelium has one layer of cells connected to a basement membrane?

simple

3. What type of tissue forms tendons and ligaments?

White fibrous

4. What part of the cell digests all parts of the cell that are old and worn out?

lysosomes

5. What does a group of organs join to form?

system

6. What is the 2nd phase of mitosis?

metaphase

7. What type of connective tissue provides heat protection and acts as energy reservoir?

adipose tissue

8. what type of stratified epithelial provides lubrication?

non keratinized

9. What part of the cell is used for storage?

vacoules

10. What do a group of systems join together to form ?

organism

11. During what stage of mitosis does a new nuclear envelope form around each set of chromosomes ?

telophase

12. What type of simple epithelial lines the heart?

squamous

13. What tissue of the body provides support and protection?

connective tissue

14. Pairs of microtubules that sit at right angles next to each other, moving towards the opposite ends?

centrioles

15. What type of stratified epithelial prevents underlying layers of cells from drying out before they reach the surface of the skin?

keratinized

1. What type of endoplasmic reticulum manufactures steroids and lipids? A. smooth b. columnar c. Ciliated D. Rough

2. What part of the cell contains enzymes which destroy bacteria and wastes? a. chromatin B. mitochondria c. lysosomes d. vacuoles

3. Which of the following is a function of a cell? a. growth b. maintain posture c. secretion d. absorption

4. A group of tissues that join to form a. cell b. organ c. system d. nucleus

b organ

5. Squamous epithelium a. are cube shaped cells b. are tall, cylindrical shaped cells c. are flat, thin cells d. are columnar shaped cells

6. How is glucose transferred through the cell membrane? a. osmosis b. filtration c. dissolution d. active transport

7. Which of the following is a type of connective tissue ? A. Nervous b. muscular c. chromosomes d. lymphoid

8. What is the final stage of mitosis? a. telophase b. anaphase c. prophase d. metaphase

9. define anabolism a. the process of which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances b. the process of larger substances which cannot pass through the cell membrane are dissolved c. the process of which simpler molecules are built up into complex molecules d. the process by which water moves through the cell membrane from an area of high to low concentration is equal on both sides

10. What supplies the cell with energy? a vacuoles b. endoplasmic reticulum c. mitochondria d. golgi apparatus

11. what is the control center of the cell? a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. mitochondria d. ribosomes

b nucleus

12. Which type of compound epithelium is found lining the alveoli of the lungs? a. columnar b. cuboidal c. ciliated d. squamous

13. During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes formed? a. metaphase b. anaphase c. prophase d. telophase

14. What is responsible for the formation of ribosomes? a. nucleolus b. lysosomes c. nucleus d. chromatin

15. Where is all genetic information stored? a. ATP b. DNA C. RNA D. EAC

16. What is the correct order of mitosis? A. metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase B. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, c. anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, d. prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase

17. a protein found in the skin, hair, nails a yellow elastic b. hyaline c. squamous d. keratin

d keratin

18. where can yellow elastic cartilage be found in the body? a. hip and shoulder sockets b. nose and trachea c pinna and epiglottis d heart and kidney tubules

19. What is the most general type of connective tissue found in the body? a. Areolar b. lymphoid c. adipose d. yellow elastic

20. Simple epithelial consists of a. A single layer of cells b. several layers of cells c. 2 layers of flattened cells c. 2 layers of cuboidal cells

21. which one of the following is not a way in which substances can pass in and out of cells? a. osmosis b. dissolution c. filtration d. mitosis

22. where would you find centrioles? a. within centrosomes b. within smooth ER c within mitochondria d. within chromosomes

23. A jelly like substance composed mainly of water; a) Cell membrane b) Cytoplasm c) Mitochondria d) Epithelium

24. What is the most common type of cartilage? a) Yellow elastic b) White c) Hyaline d) Fibrocartilage

25. What does the golgi apparatus store? a) Cytoplasm b) Tissue c) Protein d) DNA

26. What is the function of ribosomes? a) To control the growth of the cell b) To manufacture protein c) To destroy bacteria d) To supply the cell with energy

27. What part of the cell produces energy? a) Lysosomes b) Mitochondria c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) Nucleus

28. Centrioles separate and move toward the end of the cell during what stage of mitosis? a) Prophase b) Telophase c) Anaphase d) Metaphase

29. Which connective tissue connects skin to underlying skin and muscles? a) Lymphoid b) Bone c) White fibrous d) Areolar

30. What are the empty spaces within the cytoplasm called? a) Lysosomes b) Centrioles c) Vacuoles d) Nucleolus

31. What is the largest organelle in a cell? a) Cytoplasm b) Nucleolus c) Mitochondria d) Nucleus

32. What types of cells are found in lymphoid tissue? a) Lymphocytes b) Fibrocytes c) Mast cells d) Red blood cells

33. What type of cartilage is flexible? a) Yellow elastic b) Hyaline c) Fibrocartilage d) Synovial

34. What protects the cell's contents? a) Nucleus b) Cell membrane c) Chromatin d) Cytoplasm

35. A fluid connective tissue; a) Areolar b) Adipose c) Bone d) Blood

36. The process by which small molecules pass through the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is known as; a) Active transport b) Filtration c) Diffusion d) Osmosis

37. Where can non keratinised stratified epithelium be found? a) Hair b) Bladder c) Lining of the mouth d) Nails

38. How many chromosomes are in a cell before fertilisation? a) 23 b) 46 c) 18 d) 22

39. Where can transitional epithelium be found? a) Heart b) Bladder c) Pharynx d) Thyroid gland

40. Which one of the following is a function of connective tissue? a) Movement b) Secretion c) Lubrication d) Protection

2.1.1 The basal cell layer is known as the stratum germinativum T/F

True

2.1.2 Milia are commonly found on oily, greasy skin T/F

False

2.1.3 Impetigo is a contagious bacterial infection T/F

True

2.1.4 Protection is a function of the skin T/F

True

2.1.5 Desquamation occurs in the stratum lucidum T/F

False

2.1.6 Apocrine glands are located on the palms of the hands T/F

False

2.1.7 the skin is the largest organ in the body T/F

True

2.1.8 Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder in which the skin and hair cannot produce melanin T/F

False

2.1.9 Melanin is produced by melanocytes in the stratum germinativum T/F

True

2.1.10 The temp of the body should be constantly maintained at 36.8 degrees C T/f

True

2.1.11 The reticular layer of the dermis contains collagen and elastin fibers T/F

True

2.1.12 Ephelides are also called blackheads T/F

False

2.1.13 Acne vulgaris is a viral infection T/F

False

2.1.14 The epidermis is the layer of the skin that we can see and touch T/F

True

2.1.15 It takes approximately 2 wks for the cell to travel from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum T/F

False

2.1.16 Psoriasis is an inflammation of the skin with itchy, flaky skin with red patches which may blister and bleed T/F

False

2.1.17 Lentigo is also known as butterfly mask T/F

False

2.1.18 A boil is bacterial infection T/F

True

2.1.19 Fibroblasts and mast cells are found in the dermis T/F

True

2.1.20 The dermis is made up of adipose tissue T/F

False

2.1.21 Sweat and sebum mix together to form a film on the surface of the skin call the acid mantle T/F

True

2.1.22 The UV rays in sunlight penetrate the layers of skin, converting chemical ergosterol into Vitamin D T/F

True

2.1.23 Herpes zoster us a viral infection describing cold sores T/F

False Herpes simplex

2.1.24 Collagen keeps the skin supple and elastic T/F

False

2.1.25 The stratum lucidum is known as the granular layer of the epidermis T/F

False

2.1.26 Folliculitis is a bacterial infection of the hair follicle and sebaceous glands T/F

True

2.1.27 Vasodilation occurs when the body becomes cold T/F

False

2.1.28 Sebum is a fatty substance produced by the sebaceous glands T/F

True

2.1.29 The papillary layer of the dermis contains nerve endings, blood vessels and lymphatic capillaries. T/F

True

2.1.30 The subcutaneous layer of the skin is situated below the epidermis T/F

False

2.1.31 People with dry skin would suffer with couperose skin T/F

False

2.1.32 Body odor is produced when the sweat from eccrine glands is down by bacteria T/F

False

2.1.33 Milia are produced when the sebum becomes trapped in the hair follicle with no surface opening T/F

True

2.1.34 Certain medications and essential oils can penetrate the layers of the skin T/F

True

2.1.35 Keratinization occurs when the cells are living with a nucleus T/F

False

2.1.36 Mast cells secrete histamine T/F

True

2.1.37 Tinea corporis is another term for ringworm T/f

True

2.1.38 A papule is a small elevation on the skin containing pus T/F

False

2.1.39 A dry skin lacks oil and a dehydrated skin lacks moisture T/F

True

2.1.40 Sensation is a function of skin T/F

True

2.1.41 Mitotic activity occurs in the matrix of the hair T/F

True

2.1.42 Paronychia described the forward growth of the cuticle T/F

False

2.1.43 Onychorrhexis is the term given to ingrown toe nails T/F

False the name is onychocryotisis or unguis incarnates.

2.1.44 Anagen is the growing stage of the hair T/F

True

2.1.45 The cortex is the outer layer of the hair T/F

False the cuticle is the outer most layer of hair.

2.1.46 Vellus hair is found all over the face and body T/F

True

2.1.47 The connective tissue sheath supplies the hair and follicle with blood and nerves T/F

True

2.1.48 The eponychium is the cuticle found under the free edge T/F

False the eponychium is the thickened layer of skin at the base of the nail that protects the area between the nail and epidermis from bacteria.

2.1.49 Koilonychia is the term used to describe spoon shaped nails T/F

True

2.1.50 The subcutaneous layer is located above the dermis

False the subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer of the skin. The epidermis Dermis Hypodermis/ subcutaneous

2.8.1 Which of the following provides a source of nourishment for the hair? A) Inner root sheath B) Connective tissue sheath C) Outer root sheath D) Erector pili muscle

B Connective tissue sheath

2.8.2 What part of the hair is responsible for making the hair stand upright when we are cold? A) Erector pili muscle B) Dermal papilla C) Apocrine gland D) Inner root sheath

A Erector pili muscle

2.8.3 What layer of the epidermis contains dead, flat, keratinized cells? A) Prickle cell layer B) Stratum germinativum C) Stratum corneum D) Stratum spinosum

C Stratum corneum

2.8.4 What layer of the dermis contains collagen fibers? A) Corneum B) Granular C) Papillary D) Reticular

D reticular

2.8.5 What cells found within the dermis destroy harmful wastes and bacteria? A) Mast cells B) Phagocytes C) Fibroblasts D) Histiocytes

B Phagocytes part of the immune system

2.8.6 Which of the following disorders of the skin would be aggravated by spicy food? A) Acne rosacea B) Acne vulgaris C) Folliculitis D) Herpes simplex

A rosacea

2.8.7 What is the term used to describe when living cells change to dead cells? A) Ossification B) Cell regeneration C) Keratinization D) Mitosis

C Keratinization is a process of cyto differentiation which the keratinocytes undergo when proceeding from their post germinative state to hardened cell

2.8.8 which of the following is a function of keratin ? A) to provide nourishment B) to provide blood supply C) to eliminate waste D) to provide protection

2.1.9 What happens to the blood capillaries when the body is cold? A) They contract B) they dilate C) they become wider D) they stretch

2.8.10 During vasodilation, what helps cool the body? A) the body hair stands on end B) sweat evaporates on the skins surface C) shivering D) blood capillaries contract

B evaporation helps cool the body the rest of the answer are for when the body is cold

2.8.11 What helps to protect the deeper layers of the skin from UV damage? A) keratin B) melanin C) sebum D) latic acid

2.8.12 what layer of the epidermis has fully keratinized cells? A) stratum germinativum B) stratum granulosum C) stratum corneum D) stratum spinosum

C stratum corneum

2.8.13 What type of skin disorder does dermatosis papulosa nigra fall under? A) pigmentation B) bacterial C) viral D) fungal

A pigmentation

2.8.14 Define keloid scars; A) an overgrowth of tissue on an existing scar B) a mark remaining on the skin after injury C) a growth on the skin which is pigmented D) a round smooth lump of tissue on the skin

A an overgrowth of tissue on an existing scar

2.8.15 Stretch marks are known as ; A) Cellulitis B) striae C) macules D) fissue

B striae

2.8.16 An abnormal sac, found on the skin, that may contain fluid or a semi solid material ; A) papule B) macule C) fissue D) cyst

D cyst

2.8.17 which one of the following is a bacterial infection ? A) carbuncle B) herpes simplex C) pediculosis D) ringworm

A carbuncle- a cluster of boils that form a connected area caused by bacteria Herpes is a virus Ringworm is a fungal Pediculosis is lice

2.8.18 which one of the following is an infestation disorder of the skin? A) ringworm B) Pediculosis C) athletes foot D) acne rosacea

B pediculosis is infestation of lice Ringworm and atheletes foot is fungal Rosacea is genetic

2.8.19 What is the condition called when the nail is dry, lacks moisture and splits? A) onychogryphosis B) onychomycosis C) onycholysis D) onychorrhexis

D onychorrhexis is brittle nails Onychogryphosis is rams horn nails, yellow thick Onychomycosis is nail fungus Onycholysis is like broken nail or uplifted nail

2.8.20 which of the following is an appendage of the skin? A) dermis B) medulla C) hair D) epidermis

C hair

2.8.21what layer of the hair determines the color and sheen of the hair ? A) medulla B) anagen C) hair shaft D) hair bulb

A medulla is the inner most layer of the hair Anagen- the active phase of hair growth preceeds catagen and telogen

2.8.22. Which one of the following is not a layer of the skin? a) Dermis b) Catagen c) Epidermis d) Subcutaneous

B catagen is a transitional step in the hair growth process

2.8.23. The prickle cell layer is also known as; a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum lucidum c) Stratum spinosum d) Stratum germinativum

C stratum spinosum

2.8.24. Which one of the following helps to warm the body when it is cold? a) Vasodilation b) Dilation of blood capillaries c) Sweating d) Shivering

D shivering Vasodilation is dilation of blood caps and sweating happens with body is hot.

2.8.25. What substance acts as the skin's natural moisturiser? a) Sebum b) Collagen c) Elastin d) Sweat

A sebum

2.8.26. Which one of the following is not a bacterial skin infection? a) Carbuncle b) Folliculitis c) Verruca d) Impetigo

C verruca- is a wart caused by HPV Carbuncle is cluster of boils caused by bacterial Folliculitis is inflammation of hair follicles like after shaving Impetigo is a highly contagious inf causes red sores on the face

2.8.27. Which one of the following nail disorders is highly contagious? a) Onychomycosis b) Onychophagy c) Paronychia d) Onychogryphosis

Onychogryphosis is rams horn nails, yellow thick A Onychomycosis is nail fungus Paronychia- infection of the tissue folds of the nail Onychophagy-nail biting

2.8.28. Which of the following is a function of the skin? a) Heat production b) Movement c) Excretion d) Storage

C excretion

2.8.29. What type of tissue is the subcutaneous layer made up of? a) Adipose and yellow elastic b) Areolar and adipose c) Areolar and lymphoid d) Adipose and fibrous

B areolar and adipose Adipose is fat Areolar connective tissue

2.8.30. What part of the nail prevents bacteria from entering the matrix? a) Nail walls b) Nail grooves c) Lunula d) Cuticle

D cuticle

2.8.31. What layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes? a) Clear layer b) Prickle cell layer c) Granular layer d) Basal layer

D basal layer

2.8. 32. What skin disorder is caused by skin cells that reproduce very quickly? a) Eczema b) Acne vulgaris c) Psoriasis d) Skin tags

C psoriasis

2.8.33. Taking the contraceptive pill may cause what skin condition? a) Chloasma b) Vitiligo c) Lentigo d) Ephelides

A chloasma-a condition in which brown patches appear on the face Vitiligo-a disease that causes loss of skin color Lentigo- a flat pigmented spot aka liver spots Ephelides- freckles

2.8. 34. What type of hair is found under the arms? a) Lanugo b) Vellus c) Cortex d) Terminal

D terminal

2.8. 35. Tinea corporis is also known as; a) Scabies b) Ringworm c) Athlete's foot d) Shingles

B ringworm

2.8. 36. Where on the body is the skin at its thinnest? a) Eyelids b) Nose c) Upper lip d) Soles of the feet

A eyelids

37. What provides nutrients to the hair? a) Dermal papilla b) Erector pili muscle c) Medulla d) Hair bulb

A dermal papilla- root

2.8.38. What pigmentation disorder causes the irises of the eyes to be pink in colour? a) Chloasma b) Vitiligo c) Albinism d) Papilloma

C albinism

2.8.39. What is the resting stage of hair growth? a) Pathogen b) Telogen c) Catagen d) Anagen

B telogen

2.8.40. What maintains the PH level of the skin? a) Erector pili muscle b) Eccrine glands c) Sebaceous glands d) Acid mantle

D acid mantle

3.1.1. There are 206 bones in the adult body True or False

True

3.1.2. The scapula is an irregular bone True or False

False scapula is a flat bone

3.1. 3. Tendons attach bone to bone True or False

False ligaments attach bone to bone tendons connect muscles to bone

3.1.4. The navicular bone is a carpal True or False

False its a tarsal

3.1. 5. Supination refers to turning the palm of the hand to face upwards True or False

True

3.1.6. Cartilaginous joints are freely moveable joints True or False

False moveable but not freely

3.1. 7. The mandible forms the lower jaw True or False

True

3.1. 8. Haversian canals are found in compact bone True or False

True haversian canals are minute tubes form a network in bone and contain blood vessels

3.1. 9. The sternum is a type of sesamoid bone True or False

False the sternum is a flat bone

3.1. 10. The vertebral column consists of 31 bones True or False

False there are 33 vertebrae

3.1. 11. The radius is found in the upper arm True or False

False lower arm consist of radius and ulna

3.1. 12. Inversion refers to the soles of the feet facing outwards True or False

False inversion of foot soles face inwards

3.1. 13. The ball & socket is a type of synovial joint True or False

True

3.1. 14. Gout is a joint disorder that occurs when there is a build up of uric acid crystals around the joints True or False

True

3.1. 15. Kyphosis is an increased inward curvature of the lumbar vertebrae True or False

False kyphosis is inward curvature of the thoracic spine

3.1. 16. Protection is a function of the skeleton T/F

True

3.1. 17. The femur is known as the thigh bone True or False

True

3.1. 18. The occipital bone forms the sides of the skull True or False

False top of the skull

3.1.19 The patella is aka kneecap T/F

True

3.1.20 the triquetral is a tarsal T/F

false

3.1.21 The shoulder is a type of hinge joint T/F

false

3.1.22 Adduction described moving a limb towards the midline of the body T/F

True

3.1.23 The cervical vertebrae are the vertebrae of the neck T/F

True

3.1.24 Carpals fall into the category of short bones T/F

true

3.1.25 The vomer forms part of the orbital cavity T/F

Fals nasal cavity

3.1.26 the clavicle is aka the breast bone T/F

False

3.1.27 The ulna is found in the arm T/F

True

3.1.28 The ribs are a type of irregular bone T/F

False Flat bone

3.1.29 The axial skeleton consists of the vertebral column T/F

true

3.1.30 The ilium, ischium, and pubis form the pelvic girdle T/F

True

3.1.31 the carpals are ankle bones T/F

false carpals belong to the hands tarsals to feet

3.1.32 Cancellous bone is found in the end of long bones T/F

true

3.1.33 The humerus is a type of flat bone T/F

False long bone

3.1.34 the tibia is a type of long bone T/F

True

3.1.35 The maxilla holds the upper teeth T/F

True

3.1.36 Arthritis causes brittle bone disease T/F

False

3.1.37 A pivot joint allow rotation T/F

True

3.1.38 Extension describes straightening a body part so that the angle between the bones increases T/F

True

3.1.39 The calcaneus is the heel bone T/F

True

3.1.40 The fibula is known as the shin bone T/F

false tibia not fibula

3.1.41 Osteocytes are mature bone cells T/F

True

3.1.42 Bone making cells aka osteoclasts T/F

False osteoblasts are remember blasts build clasts catastrophe

3.1.44 The anatomical term distal refers to being furthest away from the midline T/F

True

3.1.45 A condyloid joint allows movement in all directions T/F

False

3.9.2 Ligaments attach; a) bone to bone b) muscle to bone c)tendons to bone d) fascia to muscle

A Ligaments attach bone to bone

3.9.1 Which of the following is not a synovial joint? a) hinge b) pivot c) fibrous d) gliding

C fibrous

3.9.3 Compact bone is; a) hard b) soft c) spongy d) tissue

A hard

3.9.4 Which of the following is a function of the skeleton? a) removes carbon dioxide from the blood b) heat production c) helps fight infections d) attachment for muscles

D attachment for muscles

3.9.5 Which bone is found in the lower leg? a) ulna b) femur c) tibia d) ilium

C tibia

3.9.6 The zygomatic bone is found? a) on the forehead b) on the cheek c) lower jaw d) behind the ear

B cheek bone

3.9.7 Which of the following is a tarsal? a) Turbinate b) Hamate c) Capitate d) Cuboid

D cuboid

3.9. 8. What bone is positioned in the centre of the chest? a) Sternum b) Scapula c) Clavicle d) Radius

A sternum

3.9. 9. An increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine; a) Scoliosis b) Lordosis c) Kyphosis d) Arthritis

B Lordosis

3.9. 10. Which one of the following is not a type of bone? a) Irregular b) Flat c) Cartilaginous d) Long

C cartilaginous

3.9. 11. How many thoracic vertebrae are there? a) 5 b) 12 c) 10 d) 14

B 12

3.9.12. Which of the following is the shinbone? a) Fibula b) Femur c) Patella d) Tibia

D tibia

3.9.13. What is found in cancellous bone? a) Red bone marrow b) Haversian canals c) Lymphatic vessels d) Phagocytes

A red bone marrow

3.9.14. Which one of the following is not a long bone? a) Metacarpals b) Carpals c) Ulna d) Femur

B carpals

3.9.15. Which bone forms the forehead? a) Temporal b) Parietal c) Frontal d) Occipital

D occipital

3.9.16. The appendicular skeleton supports; a) Skull b) Ribs c) Upper limbs d) Sternum

C upper limbs , the other answers are all part of the axial skeleton

3.9.17. Phalanges are; a) Ribs b) Ankle bones c) Wrist bones d) Finger bones

D fingers

3.9.18. Fibrous joints are; a) Immoveable b) Slightly moveable c) Freely moveable d) Gliding

A immovable

3.9.19. The vertebrae of the lower back are called; a) Coccygeal b) Cervical c) Sacral d) Lumbar

D lumbar

3.9.20. What is the function of intervertebral discs? a) To provide nutrients b) To absorb shock c) To produce heat d) To provide leverage when walking

B to absorb shock

3.9.21. The ribs are classified as; a) Flat bones b) Long bones c) Sesamoid bones d) Irregular bones

A flat bones

3.9.22. The pubic bones form the; a) Ischium b) Innominate bones c) Ilium d) Pubis

D pubis

3.9.23. What joint allows movement in one direction? a) Gliding b) Hinge c) Pivot d) Saddle

B hinge

3.9.24. What are the foot bones? a) Metatarsals b) Carpals c) Tarsals d) Metacarpals

A metatarsals

3.9.25. Which of the following parts of the body are not part of the axial skeleton? a) Vertebral column b) Ribs c) Shoulder girdle d) Sternum

C shoulder girdle

3.9.26. Which bone forms part of the nasal cavities? a) Lacrimal b) Ethmoid c) Occipital d) Sphenoid

B ethmoid

3.9.27. What category of bones are developed within tendons? a) Flat b) Short c) Long d) Sesamoid

D sesamoid

3.9.28. What is the largest bone in the foot? a) Cuboid b) Talus c) Calcaneus d) Cuneiform

C calcaneus

3.9.29. How many cervical vertebrae are there? a) 5 b) 12 c) 7 d) 4

C 7

3.9.30. What do the last 4 vertebrae form? a) Sacrum b) Coccyx c) Pubis d) Pelvic girdle

B coccyx

3.9.31. The collar bone is called the; a) Clavicle b) Manubrium c) Sternum d) Scapula

A clavicle

3.9.32. Which of the following is an irregular bone? a) Occipital b) Humerus c) Patella d) Maxilla

D maxilla

3.9.33. Which one of the following is not a carpal? a) Lunate b) Scaphoid c) Capitate d) Navicular

D navicular

3.9.34. What type of joint is the shoulder? a) Cartilaginous b) Ball and Socket c) Hinge d) Saddle

B Ball and socket

3.9.35. What bone is positioned on the lateral lower leg? a) Fibula b) Tibia c) Femur d) Patella

A fibula

3.9.36. How many vertebrae are there? a) 33 b) 31 c) 17 d) 32

A 33

3.9.37. What bone is situated on the little finger side of the forearm? a) Radius b) Ulna c) Phalanges d) Humerus

B ulna

3.9.38. Freely moveable joints are known as; a) Fibrous b) Synovial c) Fixed d) Cartilaginous

B synovial

3.9.39. What is caused when a ligament is overstretched? a) Cramp b) Strain c) Gout d) Sprain

D sprain

3.9.40. What is the membrane called that covers bone? a) Osteoblasts b) Bone marrow c) Periosteum d) Haversian canals

C periosteum

10.1.1. The lungs are the main muscles of respiration True or False

False the diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration

10.1.2. During exhalation the diaphragm contracts and flattens out True or False

False it relaxes and curves up

10.1.3. Air travels from the larynx to the trachea True or False

True

10.1.4. The pharynx is a large tube made of adipose tissue True or False

False the pharynx is made of muscle and cartilage

10.1.5. The larynx is also known as the voice box True or False

True

10.1.6. The lungs are positioned in the thoracic cavity True or False

True

10.1.7. Pleurisy describes inflammation of the lungs True or False

False pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura causing membranes to rub and gate against each other. Inflammation of the lungs is called pneumonitis.

10.1.8. External respiration is an involuntary movement controlled by the hypothalamus True or False

False respiration is controlled by the medulla oblongata.

10.1.9. The bronchi connect the trachea to the lungs T/F

True

10.1.10. Dermal papillae are tiny hairs found in the nose which help to move the mucus into the throat True or False

False dermal papillae are found at the bottom of hair follicles. Cilia is what helps move mucus.

10.1.11. Alveoli are made of squamous epithelial cells True or False

True

10.1.12. Inspiration occurs when we breathe in air True or False

True

10.1.13. During inhalation the external intercostals muscles help to lift the rib cage down and inwards True or False

False the intercostal muscles contract, pulling ribcage upwards n outwards.

10.1.14. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes is known as bronchitis T/F

True

10.1.15. The respiratory centre is controlled by the medulla oblongata True or False

True

10.1.16. The larynx connects the trachea to the bronchi True or False

False the carina connects the trachea to the bronchi

10.1.17. The pleura is a membrane surrounding the lungs True or False

True

10.1.18. Air in the nose is moistened by mucus True or False

True

10.1.19. Carbon dioxide is released into the air that is breathed out of the alveoli True or False

True

10.1.20. The alveoli are the final passageways of air to the lungs True or False

False bronchioles are the final passages that connect to alveoli.

10.1.21. The inner layer of the pleura is known as the parietal layer True or False

False visceral layer is on the lungs the parietal layer is on the ribcage and space between is the pleura.

10.1.22. The trachea is made up of yellow elastic cartilage True or False

False The trachea is made up of hyaline cartilage

10.1.23. Air travels from the bronchioles to the alveoli of the lungs True or False

True

10.1.24. Emphysema occurs when the alveoli become stretched and damaged True or False

True

10.1.25. When the diaphragm relaxes it flattens out True or False

False it curves

10.1.26. The intercostal muscles are positioned between the ribs True or False

True

10.1.27. The tonsils are found at the back of the larynx True or False

False The tonsils are found at the back of the pharynx between the 2 palatine arches

10.1.28. The trachea is made up of smooth muscle True or False

True

10.1.29. Internal respiration is when the oxygen diffuses from the blood into the body's cells True or False

True

10.1.30. The bronchi are made up of voluntary muscle True or False

False 30. The bronchi are made up of smooth muscle and cartilage

10.1.31. The exchange of gases takes place in the alveoli of the lungs True or False

True

10.1.32. The visceral layer is attached to the surface of the lungs True or False

True

10.1.33. Systemic circulation involves the transport of blood from the heart to the lungs True or False

False carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

10.1.34. Inflammation of the pharynx is known as pharyngitis True or False

True

10.1.35. The pharynx divides into the anterior and posterior lobes True or False

False superior (nasopharynx) and inferior (oropharynx)

10.1.36. Elastic tissue can be found in bronchioles True or False

True

10.1.37. The pleural cavity separates the visceral and parietal layers True or False

True

10.1.38. The blood collects the oxygen in the cells and brings it to the lungs where it is exchanged for carbon dioxide True or False

False blood gives off carbon dioxide through capillaries into the alveoli exchanges for oxygen

10.1.39. The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium True or False

True

10.1.40. Nerve cells called neurotransmitters send impulses to the medulla oblongata with messages about oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood True or False

False neurons not neurotransmitters

1. Nose = Stage 1 2. Larynx = Stage 3. Bronchi = Stage 4. Nasopharynx = Stage 5. Lungs = Stage 6. Trachea = Stage 7. Pharynx = Stage 8. Alveoli = Stage 9. Bronchioles = Stage

1. Nose = Stage 1 2. Larynx = Stage 4 3. Bronchi = Stage 6 4. Nasopharynx = Stage 2 5. Lungs = Stage 9 6. Trachea = Stage 5 7. Pharynx = Stage 3 8. Alveoli = Stage 8 9. Bronchioles = Stage 7

10.6.1. The diaphragm relaxes = ? 2. Thoracic cavity pushes up = ? 3. Pressure inside the chest is lowered = ? 4. Diaphragm is a dome shaped = ? 5. The thoracic cavity increases in size = ? 6. The diaphragm contracts = ? 7. The chest cavity decreases in size = ? 8. Pressure inside the chest is increased = ? 9. The diaphragm flattens out = ? 10. The ribs are pulled upwards and outwards = ?

1. Exhalation 2. Exhalation 3. Inhalation 4. Exhalation 5. Inhalation 6. Inhalation 7. Exhalation 8. Exhalation 9. Inhalation 10. Inhalation

10.7.1. What prevents choking? a) Adrenoids b) Epiglottis c) Cilia d) Tonsils

B Epiglottis

10.7.2 What layer of the pleura is attached to the surface of the lungs? a) parietal b) pleural cavity c) ciliated cells d) visceral

D visceral touches lungs parietal touches ribs pleural cavity is the empty space

10.7.3 what part of the brain is responsible for controlling most of the respiratory system's functions? a) Hypothalamus b) Midbrain c) Cerebrum d) Medulla oblongata

D Medulla oblongata

10.7.4. What connects the larynx to the bronchi? a) Pharynx b) Bronchioles c) Trachea d) Nose

C Trachea

10.7.5. What disorder of the respiratory system occurs when the alveoli of the lungs become damaged? a) Emphysema b) Pneumonia c) Tuberculosis d) Pleurisy

A emphysema Pneumonia is fluid in lungs Tb is bacteria infection causes coughing up blood Pleurisy is the membranes rubbing against each other

10.7.6. What type of connective tissue are the adenoids composed of? a) Lymphoid b) Areolar c) Yellow elastic d) Adipose

A lymphoid

10.7.7. What is the main muscle of respiration? a) External intercostals b) Rectus abdominis c) Diaphragm d) Pectoralis major

C diaphragm

10.7. 8. Which one of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? a) Enables smell b) Produces enzymes c) Produces speech d) Exchanges gases in and out of the lungs

B produces enymes

10.7.9 which one of the following does not contain cartilage? a) bronchioles B) trachea C) larynx d) bronchi

a bronchioles

10.7.10 what type of membrane is the nose lined with? a) fibrous b) serous c) mucous d) fluid

c) mucous

10.7.11 the windpipe is a common name for the; a) bronchi b) pharynx c) larynx d) trachea

d) trachea

10.7.12 what passes over the vocal cords enabling sound? a) gas b) hydrogen c) carbon dioxide d) air

d) air

10.7.13 inspiration occurs; a) when the diaphragm contracts b) when the chest cavity decreases c) when the chest cavity is pushed up d) when the diaphragm relaxes

a) when the diaphragm contracts

10.7.14 where is the Adam's Apple formed? a) pharynx b) larynx c) trachea d) bronchi

b) larynx

10.7.15 what is the nasal septum made of? a) ciliated epithelial b) membrane c) fibrous tissue d) cartilage

d) cartilage

10.7.16 what prevents dirt from entering the lungs? a) cilia b) tissue c) trachea d) nose

a) cilia

10.7.17 what is another term for voice box? a) trachea b) windpipe c) larynx d) pharynx

c) larynx

10.7.18 during external respiration carbon dioxide that is transported from the body's cells is dropped into the; a) bloodstream b) capillaries c) bronchial tubes d) lungs

b) capillaries

10.7.19 where in the lungs does exchange of gases occur? a) alveoli b) bronchioles c) pleura d) bronchi

a) alveoli

10.7.20 what causes the exchange of gas to take place? a) filtration b) active transport c) osmosis d) diffusion

d) diffusion

10.7.21 what is another term for the throat? a) pharynx b) trachea c) larynx d) bronchi

a) pharynx

10.7.22 what is the function of the pleural cavity? a) to enable a more efficient exchange of gases to take place in the lungs b) to protect the thoracic cavity which holds the lungs c) to prevent friction between the visceral and parietal layers d) to transport air from the trachea into the bronchioles

c) to prevent friction between the visceral and parietal layers

10.7.23 what enables the sense of smell? a) retraction b) olfaction c) diffusion d) inspiration

b) olfaction

10.7.24 what is the diffusion of oxygen from the blood to the cells? a) pulmonary respiration b) internal respiration c) external respiration d) systemic respiration

b) internal respiration

10.7.25 what is taken from the air that is breathed into the lungs? a) carbon dioxide b) wastes c) bacteria d) oxygen

d) oxygen

10.7.26 during what type of respiration does the blood lose oxygen and gain carbon dioxide? a) pulmonary respiration b) external respiration c) diffusion d) internal respiration

d) internal respiration

10.7.27 what type of diffusion is responsible for the exchange of gases? a) simple diffusion b) filtered c) active d) facilitated

a) simple diffusion

10.7.28 what is the function of the trachea? a) to take air from the larynx to the pharynx b) to take air from the pharynx to bronchi c) to take air from the larynx to the bronchi d) to take air from the pharynx to the larynx

c) to take air from the larynx to the bronchi

10.7.29 which of the following statements is correct? a) during exhalation the diaphragm flattens out b) during inhalation the volume of chest cavity decreases c) during exhalation the ribs are pushed up d) during inhalation the pressure inside the chest cavity is lowered

d) during inhalation the pressure inside the chest cavity is lowered

10.7.30 another term used to describe breathing; a) inhalation b) internal respiration c) external respiration d) exhalation

c) external respiration

10.7.31 what is the opening of larynx called? a) hilum b) glottis c) adenoid d) Adam's apple

b) glottis

10.7.32 what type of epithelial cells are found in the alveoli? a) squamous b) compound c) cuboidal d) columnar

a) squamous

10.7.33 what is used to prevent tuberculosis TB? a) hep b shot b) antibiotics c) chemo d) BCG vaccine

d) BCG vaccine- Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis. It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin. In countries where tuberculosis or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.

10.7.34 where are the intercostal muscles positioned? a) in the abdominal cavity b) below the diaphragm c) between the ribs d) between the lungs

c) between the ribs

10.7.35 what is the outer layer of the pleura called? a) pleural cavity b) parietal c) visceral d) epiglottis

b) parietal

10.7.36 what substance in the nose collects all the dust and stops it from traveling to the lungs? a) mucous b) air c) dermal papillae d) sinuses

a) mucous

10.7.37 what is the gaseous exchange? a) the movement of carbon dioxide into the blood and movement of oxygen out of the blood b) the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cells c) the movement of air into and out of the cells and tissues d) the movement of oxygen out of alveoli walls

b) the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cells

10.7.38 what are hollow air pockets found within the bones surrounding the nose? a) epiglottis b) tonsils c) vacuoles d) sinuses

sinuses

10.7.39 during expiration; a) the ribs are pushed down b) the diaphragm contracts c) the size of the chest cavity increases d) air is breathed in

a) the ribs are pushed down

7.1. 1. The pituitary gland is known as the master gland of the endocrine system True or False

True

7.1. 2. Human growth hormone is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland True or False

False anterior lobe

7.1.3. ACTH controls the growth of the adrenal medulla T/F

False adrenal cortex

7.1. 4. MSH produces melanin in the surface layer of the skin True or False

False melanocytes

7.1. 5. Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone causes diabetes insipidus True or False

True

7.1. 6. The adrenal glands are located underneath each kidney True or False

False above each kidney

7.1 7. The thyroid gland is controlled by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland True or False

True

7.1. 8. Oestrogen stimulates the muscles of the uterus during childbirth True or False

False oxytocin

7.1. 9. FSH, ACTH & TSH are hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland True or False

True

7.1. 10. Hypersecretion of growth hormone leads to dwarfism True or False

False gigantism

7.1. 11. The pineal gland is situated at the base of the brain True or False

False mid brain

7.1. 12. The hormone melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland True or False

True

7.1. 13. Hyposecretion of insulin causes hypoglycaemia True or False

False hyperglycemia

7.1. 14. Glucocorticoids is secreted by the adrenal cortex True or False

True

7.1. 15. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes cushing's syndrome

True

7.1. 16. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the adrenal cortex True or False

False the adrenal medulla

7.1.17. The adrenal medulla supports the sympathetic nervous system True or False

True

7.1.18. Adrenaline increases the heart rate True or False

True

7.1. 19. Progesterone is produced by the testes True or False

False ovaries

7.1. 20. Hypersecretion of parathormone can lead to tetany True or False

False hyposecretion

7.1. 21. Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid glands True or False

True

7.1. 22. Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus True or False

True

7.1. 23. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones leads to grave's disease True or False

False hyper-secretion

7.1. 24. Thymic factor is secreted by the thyroid glands True or False

False by the thymus

7.1. 25. The adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids True or False

True

7.1. 26. Hypersecretion of oestrogen in men causes breast growth True or False

True

7.1. 27. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused when the pancreas cannot produce insulin True or False

True

7.1. 28. Dysmenorrhoea describes the absence of menstruation True or False

False dysmenorrhea is menstral cramps

7.1. 29. The menstrual phase describes the beginning of menstruation True or False

False first time of menstruation

7.1. 30. Hyposecretion of oestrogen in females can lead to polycystic ovarian syndrome True or False

True

7.1. 31. Menarche is a term used to describe the start of menstruation True or False

True

7.1. 32. The pancreas is located below the stomach True or False

True

7.1. 33. Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone leads to diabetes insipidus True or False

False elephantitus or edima

7.1. 34. Hypersecretion of melatonin can lead to seasonal affective disorder (SAD) True or False

True

7.1. 35. Hypersecretion of testosterone in women can lead to virilism True or False

True

7.1. 36. The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus True or False

True

7.1. 37. ICSH, FSH & LH are sex organ hormones True or False

False reproductive hormones

7.1. 38. Cells called the islets of langerhans are found in the adrenal cortex True or False

False pancreas

7.1. 39. The ovaries produce oestrogen and progesterone True or False

True

7.1. 40. When the body is at rest it produces the hormone noradrenaline

False it produces it in response to stress

7.8. 1. The effect of adrenaline on the body is; a) Decreases blood pressure b) Speeds up digestion c) Increase metabolic rate d) Dilates blood vessels

7.8. 2. Where is the thymus located? a) Thyroid glands b) Ovaries c) Thymus d) Top of kidneys

7.8. 3. The anterior and posterior lobes are part of which gland? a) Pituitary b) Thalamus c) Pancreas d) Adrenals

7.8. 4. The adrenal medulla is regulated by the; a) Sympathetic nervous system b) Central nervous system c) Somatic nervous system d) Parasympathetic nervous system

7.8. 5. Islets of Langerhans are found in; a) The liver b) The pancreas c) The adrenal glands d) The testes

7.8. 6. Hyposecretion of the thyroid gland hormones can lead to what disorder in an adult? a) Virilism b) Cretinism c) Addison's Disease d) Myxoedema

D addison disease-hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids Virilism- hypersecretion of androgens Cretinism- a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (congenital hypothyroidism) Myxoedema- a severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by swelling and thickening of your skin

7.8. 7. What hormone increases the heart and breathing rates during times of stress? a) Insulin b) Adrenaline c) Glucocorticoids d) Oxytocin

7.8. 8. What is the function of the endocrine system? a) To produce hormones maintaining the body's functions b) To control changes to the body during pregnancy c) To control the body during stressful times d) All of the above

All the above

7.8. 9. What hormone is responsible for maintaining calcium levels in the body? a) Thyroxin b) Calcitonin c) Adrenaline d) Mineralocorticoids

7.8. 10. Which one of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a) Adrenocorticotrophin b) Thyrotrophin c) Antidiuretic hormone d) Melanocyte stimulating hormone

C anti diuretic hormone

7.8.11. Hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids causes; a) Addison's Disease b) Diabetes insipidus c) Kidney failure d) Cushing's syndrome

7.8. 12. What is a hormone? a) A ductless gland b) A blood vessel c) A chemical messenger d) A chemical catalyst

7.8. 13. What hormone controls the thyroid gland? a) Thyrotrophin b) Parathormone c) Thymic factor d) Glucocorticoids

7.8. 14. What hormone is responsible for the growth of the female sexual characteristics? a) Oestrogen b) Testosterone c) Insulin d) Luteinising hormone

7.8. 15. What hormone metabolises carbohydrates, proteins and fats? a) Mineralocorticoids b) Thyrotrophin c) Adrenaline d) Glucocorticoids

7.8. 16. Hyposecretion of insulin causes; a) Diabetes mellitus b) Hypoglycaemia c) Diabetes insipidus d) Grave's disease

7.8. 17. What hormone is secreted by the pineal body? a) Oxytocin b) Melatonin c) Insulin d) Gonadotrophins

7.8. 18. During what phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur? a) Menarche b) Menstrual c) Proliferative d) Secretory

7.8. 19. A condition called tetany occurs when there is; a) A deficiency of blood sugar in the blood b) A deficiency of calcium in the blood c) A deficiency of vitamin A in the blood d) A deficiency of salts in the blood

7.8. 20. Which one of the following is not a function of the thyroid gland? a) Regulates basic metabolic rate b) Maintains healthy skin and hair c) Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys d) Controls the rate at which the body's cells work

7.8. 21. Hypersecretion of testosterone in females can lead to; a) SAD b) Hirsutism c) Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome d) Gynaecomastia

B hirsutism-excess hair most often noticeable around the mouth and chin

7.8. 22. What is the definition of amenorrhoea? a) Painful menstruation b) The start of the menstrual cycle c) The onset of menopause d) The absence of menstruation

7.8. 23. What hormone is secreted when the body finds itself in an emergency situation? a) Adrenaline b) Insulin c) Glycogen d) Glucocorticoids

7.8. 24. Which one of the following is not a phase of the menstrual cycle? a) Menarche b) Secretory c) Menstrual d) Proliferative

7.8. 25. What are the effects of grave's disease? a) Decreased heart and breathing rates b) Increase heart rate and disturbed sleeping patterns c) Low blood pressure and oedema d) Depression and weight gain

7.8. 26. What endocrine gland is located below the stomach? a) Ovaries b) Pineal body c) Adrenal medulla d) Pancreas

7.8. 27. What is the function of HGH? a) To control the thyroid gland b) To control salt levels in the blood c) To regulate height and growth d) To regulate water reabsorption

7.8. 28. What hormone is secreted by the pancreas? a) Melatonin b) Adrenaline c) Parathormone d) Insulin

7.8. 29. What hormone stimulates the production of sperm in men? a) Follicle stimulating hormone b) Luteinising hormone c) Prolactin d) Oxytocin

7.8. 30. What is the function of melanocyte stimulating hormone? a) To stimulate the basal layer of the skin to produce melanin b) To stimulate the clear layer of skin to produce melanin c) To stimulate the surface layer of the skin to produce melanin d) To stimulate the dermis to produce melanin

7.8. 31. Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the; a) Pancreas b) Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland c) Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland d) Adrenal cortex

7.8. 32. Hypoglycaemia is a term used to describe; a) High blood pressure b) Low blood pressure c) High blood sugar d) Low blood sugar

7.8. 33. Which one of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a) TF b) ADH c) Vasopressin d) HGH

7.8. 34. What endocrine gland is located in the centre of the brain? a) Parathyroid gland b) Pineal body c) Adrenal cortex d) Pituitary gland

7.8. 35. What is the function of parathyroid glands? a) To regulate salt levels in the body b) To regulate calcium levels in the blood c) To metabolise carbohydrates and proteins d) To regulate blood sugar levels

7.8. 36. Muscular weakness and changes in skin pigmentation are effects of what endocrine disorder? a) Myxoedema b) Addison's syndrome c) Gigantism d) Amenorrhoea

7.8. 37. What type of diabetes occurs as a result of the pancreas being unable to produce insulin? a) Cushings b) Insipidus c) Mellitus d) Acromegaly

7.8. 38. What is the function of oxytocin? a) To stimulate the contraction of the uterus during labour b) To prepare the corpus luteum for pregnancy c) To stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen d) To control sexual development in females

7.8. 39. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes; a) Diabetes mellitus b) Cushing's syndrome c) Addison's disease d) Amenorrhoea

7.8. 40. Where is the pituitary gland located? a) Below the stomach b) Front of the neck c) Base of the brain d) Centre of the brain

5.1. 1. Granulocytes and thrombocytes make up leucocytes True or False

False

5.1. 2. The endocardium is the inner wall of the heart True or False

True

5.1. 3. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart True or False

True

5.1. 4. The carotid veins are the main veins of the head and neck True or False

False jugular veins

5.1. 5. Systolic pressure occurs when the heart is contracting True or False

True

5.1. 6. Bradycardia occurs when the pulse rate beats over 100 times per minute True or False

False tachycardia- over 100 bpm bradycardia is under 60 bpm

5.1. 7. The pulmonary vein returns blood from the lungs to the right atrium True or False

False not right atrium but left atrium. The inferior and superior vena cave bring blood to the right atrium

5.1. 8. Plasma proteins include globulin, fibrinogen and haemoglobin True or False

False albumins not hemoglobin

5.1. 9. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels T/F

True

5.1. 10. The bicuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

False left a and left v “try before you buy”

5.1.11. Plasma makes up 55% of the blood's composition True or False

True

5.1. 12. The right and left sides of the heart are divided by a muscular wall called the septum True or False

True

5.1. 13. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins True or False

False oxygenated blood the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins

5.1. 14. Red blood cells are known as erythrocytes T/F

True

5.1. 15. The pericardium is the middle layer of the heart wall True or False

False outer layer

5.1. 16. Hypertension is another name for low blood pressure True or False

False hypotension is low bp hypertension is high bp

5.1.17. Type O blood is the universal donor True or False

True

5.1. 18. The cephalic vein can be found in the arm True or False

True

5.1. 19. Deoxygenated blood passes through the bicuspid valve into the right ventricle True or False

False oxygenated

5.1. 20. Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs with the exception of the pulmonary artery True or False

True arteries carry blood away from heart

5.1. 21. Thrombocytes are known as platelets True or False

True

5.1. 22. The average pulse rate of an adult is between 70 and 90 beats per minute True or False

False the range is 60-100 bpm

5.1. 23. The pulmonary vein branches into the right and left pulmonary veins and takes deoxygenated blood to both lungs True or False

False takes oxygenated blood to the heart but there are l&r pulmonary veins

5.1. 24. Hepatitis affects the pancreas True or False

False liver

5.1. 25. The aorta is the largest artery of the heart True or False

True

5.1. 26. Monocytes produce antibodies True or False

False becomes a macrophage does not produce antibodies

5.1. 27. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin True or False

True

5.1. 28. Oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary veins True or False

True

5.1. 30. Blood pressure is recorded by a sphygmomanometer True or False

True

5.1. 31. Vitamin B12 is required for a blood clot to form True or False

False platelets are required for a blood clot to form

5.1. 32. Leucocytes transport oxygen to the body's cells True or False

False erythrocytes

5.1. 33. The upper chambers of the heart are called atria True or False

True

5.1. 34. Arteries eventually join up to form small veins called venules True or False

False arteries->arterioles->capillaries->venules->veins

5.1. 35. The aorta leaves the left ventricle True or False

True

5.1. 36. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is removed and replaced with oxygen

True

5.1. 37. Vitamin B6 is necessary for the development of erythrocytes in red bone marrow True or False

False vitamin b 6 - important for normal brain development and for keeping the nervous system and immune system healthy. Vitamin b 12 is necessary for the development of erythrocytes in red bone marrow

5.1. 38. Lack of iron in the blood causes anaemia True or False

True

5.1. 39. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the inferior and superior vena cava True or False

True

5.1. 40. Anyone with type B blood can receive blood from all blood groups True or False

False AB + is universal receiver

Exercise 5.2 Please state whether the characteristics/definitions below fall under the category of Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Venules or Arterioles. All answers are at the end of the chapter. 1. Small lumen = ? 2. Smallest blood vessels = ? 3. Unites capillaries and veins = ? 4. Carry blood towards the heart = ? 5. Small veins = ? 6. Receive blood from arterioles = ? 7. Carry blood under high pressure = ? 8. Smaller arteries = ? 9. Thick elastic, muscular walls = ? 10. Carry blood under low pressure = ? 11. Valves are present to prevent backflow of blood = ? 12. Large lumen = ? 13. Carry blood away from heart = ? 14. Nutrients and gas pass through = ?

1. Arteries 2. Capillaries 3. Venules 4. Veins 5. Venules 6. Capillaries 7. Arteries 8. Arterioles 9. Arteries 10. Veins 11. Veins 12. Veins 13. Arteries 14. Capillaries

5.4 Blood circ stages 1-9 1. Deoxygenated blood from the body flows through the superior and inferior vena cava, emptying into the right atrium = Stage 1 2. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is removed from the lungs and replaced with oxygen = Stage 3. Blood is then passed through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery = Stage 4. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle and passes into the aorta through the aortic valve = Stage 5. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle = Stage 6. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary veins = Stage 7. The aorta transports oxygenated blood around the body supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cells = Stage 8. The pulmonary artery divides into the left and right branches and carries the blood into both sides of the lungs = Stage 9. Oxygenated blood leaves the left atrium and passes into the left ventricle via the bicuspid = Stage

1. Stage 1 2. Stage 5 3. Stage 3 4. Stage 8 5. Stage 2 6. Stage 6 7. Stage 9 8. Stage 4 9. Stage 7

5.7 1. Where is the protein, haemoglobin found? a) Erythrocytes b) Thrombocytes c) Monocytes d) Leucocytes

5.7. 2. What valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle? a) Mitral b) Pulmonary c) Bicuspid d) Tricuspid

5.7. 3. What percentage of plasma is found in the blood? a) 40% b) 92% c) 55% d) 5%

5.7. 4. The heart rate of an average healthy person should be; a) 75 - 85 beats per minute b) 60 - 70 beats per minute c) 80 - 90 beats per minute d) 55 - 60 beats per minute

5.7. 5. Which one of the following is not a vein of the body? a) Jugular b) Saphenous c) Renal d) Basilic

5.7. 6. Phlebitis describes; a) Inflammation of the heart muscle b) Inflammation of the wall of the artery c) Inflammation of the wall of the vein d) Blood clot in the heart

5.7. 7. Which one of the following is needed for the formation of a blood clot? a) Resin b) Elastin c) Fibrin d) Vitamin A

5.7. 8. What substance is removed from the blood when it reaches the lungs? a) Haemoglobin b) Carbon dioxide c) Oxygen d) Carbon monoxide

5.7. 9. What category of tissue does blood fall under? a) Connective b) Cardiac c) Muscular d) Nervous

5.7. 10. Ventricles are; a) The lower chambers of the heart b) The layers of the heart's wall c) The valves preventing the backflow of blood d) The upper chambers of the heart

5.7. 11. What is the thickest layer of the heart? a) Pericardium b) Septum c) Myocardium d) Endocardium

5.7. 12. Inflammation of the liver is known as; a) Phlebitis b) Hepatitis c) Septicaemia d) Haemophilia

5.7. 13. The subclavian artery supplies what part of the body? a) Neck b) Thoracic wall c) Right leg d) Abdominal wall

5.7. 14. What blood vessel leaves the heart carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs? a) Pulmonary artery b) Pulmonary vein c) Inferior vena cava d) Aorta

5.7. 15. Systemic circulation describes; a) Circulation of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs b) Circulation of deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery c) Circulation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the body d) Circulation of oxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart through the aorta

5.7. 16. What vein drains blood from the upper body? a) Temporal vein b) Pulmonary vein c) Aorta d) Superior vena cava

5.7. 17. What regulates the flow of blood throughout the heart? a) Valves b) Ventricles c) Veins d) Arteries

5.7. 18. What group of cells are not found in the blood? a) Thrombocytes b) Granulocytes c) Osteoblasts d) Erythrocytes

5.7. 19. What is the function of capillaries? a) To deliver blood to the arteries b) To supply tissues and cells with nutrients c) To transport blood from the heart d) To carry deoxygenated blood from the veins

5.7. 20. Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the; a) Pulmonary vein b) Superior and inferior vena cava c) Aorta d) Pulmonary artery

5.7. 21. Which one of the following arteries supplies the arm? a) Axillary b) Femoral c) Tibial d) Innominate

5.7. 22. What is the function of the aorta? a) Carry oxygenated blood around the body b) Carry oxygenated blood to the heart c) Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs d) Carry deoxygenated blood

5.7. 23. Which one of the following is not a layer of the heart? a) Pericardium b) Bicuspid c) Myocardium d) Endocardium

5.7. 24. What group of blood cells protect the body against infection? a) Fibroblasts b) Thrombocytes c) Erythrocytes d) Leucocytes

5.7. 25. Hypotension describes; a) High blood pressure b) Systolic blood pressure c) Low blood pressure d) Cardiac output

5.7. 26. What blood type can be given to any blood group? a) AB b) O c) B d) A

5.7. 27. What is another term used to describe the heartbeat? a) Pulse b) Blood pressure c) Pulmonary circulation d) Cardiac cycle

5.7. 28. What substance gives blood its red colour? a) Mitochondria b) Fibrin c) Fibrinogen d) Oxyhaemoglobin

5.7. 29. What blood vessels unite arterioles and venules? a) Capillaries b) Veins c) Arteries d) Pulmonary veins

5.7. 30. Myocardial infarction is more commonly known as; a) Angina b) Heart attack c) High blood pressure d) Phlebitis

5.7. 31. The right ventricle pushes blood into the; a) Bicuspid valve b) Pulmonary vein c) Pulmonary artery d) Aorta

5.7. 32. Which one of the following is not an artery of the body? a) Carotid b) Inferior vena cava c) Iliac d) Hepatic

B its a vein

5.7. 33. What valve is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle? a) Bicuspid b) Circulatory c) Pulmonary d) Semi lunar

5.7. 34. Deoxygenated blood fills the; a) Aortic valve b) Left atrium c) Septum d) Right atrium

5.7. 35. Diastolic refers to; a) When the heart muscle relaxes b) When the heart muscle contracts c) When the heart muscle fills up with blood d) When the heart muscle transports blood to the lungs

5.7. 36. Thrombocytes are also known as; a) White blood cells b) Blood corpuscles c) Platelets d) Red blood cells

5.7. 37. What condition describes the loss of elasticity from the walls of the arteries? a) Haemophilia b) Thrombus c) Atherosclerosis d) Arteriosclerosis

5.7. 38. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through; a) Aorta b) Pulmonary vein c) Pulmonary artery d) Superior vena cava

5.7. 39. Myocardium describes; a) The wall dividing the left and right sides of the heart b) The inner layer of the heart c) The process of muscular contraction d) The middle layer of the heart

5.7. 40. What are the heart's lower chambers called? a) Aorta b) Ventricles c) Atrium d) Vena cava

6.1. 1. The lymphatic vessels have an outer layer of muscular tissue True or False

False

6.1. 2. Lymphatic capillaries contain leucocytes and lymphocytes True or False

False

6.1. 3. The axillary nodes are located in the underarm area

True

6.1.4. Oedema is due to the abnormal swelling of body tissues due to the build up of excess fluid True or False

True

6.1. 5. Lymph nodes filter the lymph True or False

True

6.1. 7. Macrophages produce new antibodies to help fight infection True or False

False

6.1. 8. Filtered lymph leaves the node by afferent vessels True or False

False

6.1. 9. The occipital nodes are located at the base of the skull True or False

True

6.1. 10. Lymphatic capillaries drain excess fluid towards the tissues of the body True or False

False

6.1. 11. The spleen destroys lymphocytes True or False

False

6.1. 12. Filtered lymph is passed into lymphatic ducts True or False

True

6.1. 13. The popliteal nodes are located in the groin area True or False

False

6.1. 14. Lymphatic capillaries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells T/F

True

6.1. 15. Lymphatic vessels collect lymph from the lymphatic capillaries True or False

True

6.1. 16. The right lymphatic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel True or False

False

6.1. 17. Lymphatic vessels contain valves which keep the blood flowing in the right direction, preventing backflow True or False

True

6.1. 18. Lymphatic vessels are made up of a layer of hyaline cartilage True or False

False

6.1. 19. The thoracic duct drains lymph from the left side of the head T/F

True

6.1. 20. The spleen is located on the right side of the abdominal cavity True or False

False

6.1. 21. The lymph node is covered by a wall of connective tissue True or False

True

6.1. 22. Lymphatic vessels have thin collapsible walls True or False

True

6.1. 23. Lymphocytes produce antibodies to help fight infection True or False

True

6.1. 24. Lymph enters the lymph nodes from the lymphatic ducts True or False

False

6.1. 25. Cancer of the lymphatic tissue is known as Hodgkin's Disease True or False

True

6.1. 26. The inguinal nodes are located in the elbow region True or False

False

6.1. 27. An efferent vessel transports lymph to the lymph node True or False

False afferent

6.1. 28. The spleen stores blood True or False

True

6.1. 29. Lymphatic vessels around the palm of the hand are called the plantar plexus True or False

False

6.1. 30. The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from both lower limbs T/F

False

6.7. 1. Which one of the following is not a lymphatic organ? a) Tonsils b) Spleen c) Pancreas d) Thymus gland

6.7. 2. What lymphatic duct is positioned in the root of the neck? a) Right lymphatic duct b) Subclavian duct c) Submandibular duct d) Thoracic duct

6.7. 3. What nodes are located in the neck? a) Cervical b) Occipital c) Submandibular d) Axillary

6.7. 4. Lymphatic vessels have; a) Thick muscular tubes b) Thin muscular tubes c) Thick collapsible walls d) Thin collapsible walls

6.7. 5. Which one of the following is not a function of lymph nodes? a) To filter lymph b) To destroy harmful cells c) To produce antibodies d) To produce erythrocytes

6.7. 6. Which of the following drains lymph from the nose and ears? a) Occipital b) Parotid c) Inguinal d) Popliteal

6.7. 7. What duct collects the most lymph? a) Subclavian duct b) Right lymphatic duct c) Right subclavian duct d) Thoracic duct

6.7. 8. Which one of the following systems has a close relationship with the lymphatic system? a) Respiratory b) Circulatory c) Nervous d) Reproductive

6.7. 9. What is the function of lymphatic vessels? a) To carry lymph towards the heart b) To carry lymph away from the heart c) To empty lymph into the lymphatic capillaries d) To destroy harmful waste and bacteria

6.7. 10. What type of cells are produced by the spleen? a) Thrombocytes b) Osteocytes c) Lymphocytes d) Erythrocytes

6.7. 11. Any obstruction in the flow of lymph is known as; a) Diabetes insipidus b) Hodgkin's disease c) Oedema d) Lymphoma

6.7. 12. What vessels bring lymph to be filtered? a) Plasma b) Efferent c) Blood d) Afferent

6.7. 13. What are lymph nodes made of? a) Adipose tissue b) Lymphatic tissue c) Yellow elastic cartilage d) Endothelial cells

6.7. 14. What is the position of the spleen? a) On the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity b) On the left of the abdominal cavity c) On the right of the abdominal cavity d) On the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity

6.7. 15. What cells produce antibodies? a) Phagocytes b) Macrophages c) Erythrocytes d) Lymphocytes

6.7. 16. What lymphatic organ stores blood? a) Thymus gland b) Spleen c) Tonsils d) Bladder

6.7. 17. What is the function of lymphatic capillaries? a) To convey lymph back to the bloodstream b) To convey excess fluid towards the tissues of the body c) To convey excess fluid away from tissue space d) To convey lymph towards the heart

6.7. 18. What group of cells are not found in the blood? a) Thrombocytes b) Granulocytes c) Osteoblasts d) Erythrocytes

6.7. 19. What nodes are located in the elbow region? a) Inguinal b) Auricular c) Submandibular d) Supratrochlear

6.7. 20. What valves prevent the backflow of lymph through lymphatic vessels? a) Bicuspid b) Semi lunar c) Tricuspid d) Mitral

11.1. 1. The duodenum is part of the large intestine True or False

False beginning part of the small intestine

11.1. 2. The stomach is unable to absorb alcohol True or False

False The stomach is unable to absorb fats and carbs

11.1. 3. Rennin curdles milk protein True or False

True

11.1. 4. Bile is produced in the gall bladder and stored in the liver T/F

False bile is produced by liver and stored in gallbladder

11.1. 5. The pancreas, liver and gall bladder are accessory organs to digestion True or False

True

11.1. 6. Food enters the stomach from the oesophagus via the pyloric sphincter True or False

False esophageal sphincter

11.1. 7. Hydrochloric acid neutralises bacteria present in food True or False

True

11.1. 8. Pepsin is an enzyme found in pancreatic juice True or False

False found in the stomach juices

11.1. 9. Vitamins A & D are stored in the liver True or False

True

11.1. 10. The liver produces heat T/F

True

11.1. 11. Amylase is involved in fat digestion True or False

False carb digestion

11.1. 12. The colon is part of the small intestine True or False

False large intestine

11.1. 13. The oesophagus is the first main organ of digestion True or False

True but don’t forget the mouth and salivary glands

11.1. 14. The oesophagus links the pharynx to the pancreas True or False

False to the stomach

11.1. 15. Fat and carbohydrate digestion takes place in the small intestine True or False

True

11.1. 16. The submandibular gland secretes saliva

True

11.1. 17. An enzyme is a chemical catalyst which activates chemical changes in itself True or False

False enzyme-a catalyst that regulates the rate at which chemical reactions proceed in living organisms without itself being altered in the process.

11.1. 18. The ball of food at the back of the mouth is known as the bolus True or False

True

11.1. 19. The peritoneum is a layer of the stomach True or False

True

11.1. 20. The pancreatic juice, trypsin, breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol True or False

False lipase

11.1. 21. The chemical digestion of food is completed in the small intestine True or False

True

11.1. 22. Coeliac's disease is caused by an intolerance to a protein called gluten True or False

True

11.1. 23. Crohn's disease is a disease of the stomach True or False

False Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the GI tract, which extends from your stomach all the way large intestines

11.1. 24. The jejunum and ileum are part of the large intestine True or False

False sm intestines

11.1. 25. Glucose is an end product of carbohydrate digestion True or False

True

11.1. 26. The small intestine is 7cm long True or False

False 7 meters

11.1. 27. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine T/F

True

11.1. 28. Disaccharides and monosaccharides are classified as carbohydrates True or False

True

11.1. 29. The function of bile is to emulsify proteins True or False

False fats not protein

11.1. 30. The liver is the largest gland in the body True or False

True

11.1. 31. Endocrine and exocrine are functions of the pancreas True or False

True

11.1. 32. The liver converts stored glycogen to glucose when energy is needed True or False

True

11.1. 33. Saliva commences the digestion of fats in the mouth True or False

False carbs not fats

11.1. 34. The pyloric sphincter is located at the entrance to the stomach and prevents the backflow of food from the stomach True or False

False esophageal sphincter

11.1. 35. One of the functions of the large intestine is to remove waste True or False

True

11.1. 36. Iron and potassium are stored by the liver True or False

True

11.1. 37. Chyme is food broken down into liquid form True or False

True

11.1. 38. Inflammation of the lining of the stomach is known as enteritis True or False

False gastritis

11.1. 39. Inflammation of the small intestine is known as colitis True or False

False enteritis

11.1. 40. Food remains in the stomach for 2 hours before it becomes chime True or False

False 40 min to 3 hrs

Exercise 11.2 Please match the digestive organs with the enzymes/fluids they secrete. Choose from the following: 1. Mouth 2. Stomach 3. Duodenum 4. Small Intestine. Some organs may be repeated. 1. Hydrochloric Acid = ? 2. Salivary Amylase = ? 3. Lipase = ? 4. Rennin = ? 5. Maltase = ? 6. Trypsin = ? 7. Sucrase = ? 8. Pepsin = ? 10. Lactase = ? 9. Amylase = ?

1. Stomach 2. Mouth 3. Duodenum 4. Stomach 5. Small Intestine 6. Duodenum 7. Small Intestine 8. Stomach 9. Duodenum 10. Small Intestine

11.7. 1. What enzyme starts the digestion of proteins in the stomach? a) Pepsin b) Trypsin c) Maltase d) Hydrochloric acid

A pepsin- a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins Trypsin-enzyme found in sm intes to aid digestion Maltaze- salivary enzyme

11.7. 2. What is the function of the oesophagus? a) To carry food from the small intestine to the large intestine b) To carry food from the stomach to the small intestine c) To carry food from the pharynx to the stomach d) To carry food from the mouth to the pharynx

11.7. 3. What controls the entry of food into the stomach? a) Internal sphincter b) Pyloric sphincter c) External sphincter d) Cardiac sphincter

D aka esophageal sphincter

11.7. 4. What is the first organ of digestion? a) Liver b) Gall bladder c) Oesophagus d) Stomach

11.7. 5. What is the length of the large intestine? a) 1.5 m b) 7 m c) 8 m d) 2 m

11.7. 6. What is the function of lipase? a) To commence the digestion of protein b) To emulsify fats c) To convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids d) To convert monosaccharides into disaccharides

11.7. 7. Where is the pancreas located? a) Above the stomach b) Behind the stomach c) Below the stomach d) In front of the stomach

11.7. 8. Which one of the following substances is stored in the liver? a) Glucose b) Uric acid c) Amino acids d) Iron

9. Which one of the following is not part of the large intestine? a) Caecum b) Ileum c) Appendix d) Colon

B Duodenum, jejunum, ileum is the name and order of sm intes

11.7.10. What is the function of the gall bladder? a) To store bile b) To produce heat c) To produce enzymes for digestion d) To metabolise protein

11.7. 11. What is the main cause of ulcers? a) Excess acid b) Excess bile c) Excess gas d) Excess protein

11.7. 12. Crohn's disease occurs in the; a) Oesophagus b) Duodenum c) Stomach d) Small intestine

11.7. 13. What enzyme is involved with protein digestion? a) Lipase b) Trypsin c) Amylase d) Bile

B trypsin- protien breakdown Lipase- breaks down fats Amylase- breaks down carbs Bile- breaks down fats

11.7. 14. What is the function of bile? a) To convert glycogen into glucose b) To remove toxins from harmful waste c) To convert polypeptides into pepsin d) To emulsify fats

11.7. 15. Which one of the following vitamins is not stored in the liver? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin C

D vitamin c cannot be stored in the body

11.7. 16. What is enteritis? a) Inflammation of the pancreas b) Inflammation of the intestine c) Inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract d) Inflammation of the lining of the colon

B A is pancreatitis C is gastritis D colitis

11.7. 17. Fats and glycerol pass into; a) Duodenum b) Lacteals c) Blood vessels d) Intestines

B lacteals- lymphatic vessels of the sm intes which absorb digested fats

11.7. 18. What is the order of the sections of the small intestine? a) Jejunum, ileum, duodenum b) Ileum, duodenum, jejunum c) Duodenum, ileum, jejunum d) Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

11.7. 19. Amino acids are; a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Vitamins d) Fats

11.7. 20. Which one of the following is a type of digestion? a) Assimilation b) Solid c) Chemical d) Enzyme

11.7. 21. Where can villi be found? a) Small intestine b) Stomach c) Duodenum d) Pancreas

11.7. 22. Where does peristalsis occur? a) In the larynx b) In the alimentary tract c) In the lungs d) In the gall bladder

B alimentary tract- digestive tract Peristalsis- involuntary contractions and relaxation of the muscles in intestines

11.7. 23. Which one of the following is not a salivary gland? a) Subtrochlear b) Sublingual c) Parotid d) Submandibular

11.7. 24. What is the function of hydrochloric acid? a) Commences the breakdown of proteins b) Neutralises germs in food c) Curdles milk protein d) Break up large particles of carbohydrates

11.7. 25. A chemical catalyst; a) A hormone b) An enzyme c) An emulsifier d) A cell

11.7. 26. What is the bolus? a) The enzyme found in the mouth which begins the digestion of carbohydrates b) A chemical catalyst that causes chemical changes in substances c) Where the main absorption of food takes place d) The ball of food that leaves the mouth

11.7. 27. The chemical digestion of food finishes in the; a) Large intestine b) Stomach c) Small intestine d) Duodenum

11.7. 28. What is the length of the small intestine? a) 3 m b) 1.5 m c) 6 m d) 7 m

11.7. 29. What is the thick alkaline fluid produced in the liver? a) Glucose b) Amylase c) Bile d) Plasma

11.7. 30. What is the largest gland in the body? a) Liver b) Gall bladder c) Submandibular d) Pancreas

11.7. 31. What is the term used to describe inflammation of the gums? a) Gall stones b) Appendicitis c) Gingivitis d) Colitis

11.7. 32. What part of the alimentary tract is mainly involved with the elimination of waste products? a) Oesophagus b) Gall bladder c) Pancreas d) Large intestine

11.7. 33. What type of cells are found in the liver? a) Hepatocytes b) Osteoblasts c) Fibroblasts d) Histioblasts

11.7. 34. Which one of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? a) Liver b) Duodenum c) Gall bladder d) Pancreas

11.7. 35. What are the end products of protein digestion? a) Glucose b) Fatty acids c) Amino acids d) Glycerol

11.7. 36. Cirrhosis most commonly affects what organ? a) Liver b) Stomach c) Large intestine d) Pancreas

11.7. 37. What is the first part of the small intestine? a) Duodenum b) Ileum c) Pancreatic duct d) Jejunum

11.7. 38. What substance is not found in gastric juice? a) Rennin b) Pepsin c) Trypsin d) Hydrochloric acid

A renin is found in the kidneys

11.7. 39. Which one of the following enzymes is not involved in the digestion of carbohydrates? a) Maltase b) Lipase c) Lactase d) Sucrase

11.7. 40. What enzyme begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth? a) Lactase b) Amylase c) Maltase d) Disaccharides

8.1. 1. The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord True or False

False the cns consists of the brain and spinal cord peripheral is the nerves of the body.

8.1. 2. Neurones conduct nerve impulses True or False

True

8.1. 3. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance surrounding the synapse True or False

False surround the axon

8.1. 4. The dura mater is the outer protective layer of the meninges True or False

True

8.1. 5. Motor nerves are also known as efferent nerves True or False

True

8.1. 6. The cardiac centre is found in the medulla oblongata True or False

True

8.1. 7. There are 12 pairs of cervical nerves True or False

False cranial nerves

8.1. 8. Neurons produce acetylcholine True or False

True

8.1. 9. The sympathetic nervous system slows down the heart rate True or False

False increases hr.

8.1. 10. The sacral plexus supply the muscles and skin of the shoulder and upper chest True or False

False

8.1. 11. The hypothalamus regulates hunger and thirst True or False

True

8.1. 12. The midbrain is part of the brain stem True or False

True

8.1.13. The cerebellum is responsible for controlling decision making True or False

False the cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance.

8.1. 14. Nodes of ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath along the length of the axon True or False

True

8.1. 15. The axon is responsible for supporting and protecting the neurons T/F

False axon is the tail of the neuron

8.1. 16. Cerebrospinal fluid forms a cushion between the spinal and cranial nerves True or False

False between spinal cord and vertebrae

8.1. 17. A reflex action requires only an afferent neurone for a movement to take place True or False

False needs both afferent and efferent

8.1. 18. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain True or False

True

8.1. 19. The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex True or False

True

8.1. 20. There are 12 pairs of spinal nerves True or False

False cranial nerves

8.1. 21. The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations True or False

False sympathetic

8.1.22. The cervical plexus supplies the muscles of the head and neck True or False

True

8.1. 23. The cerebrum regulates memory True or False

True

8.1. 24. The 4 lobes of the cerebellum include frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital True or False

False cerebrum include frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital Cerebellum the anterior lobe, the posterior lobe and the flocculonodular lobe

8.1. 25. The medulla oblongata is known as the vital centre of the brain True or False

True

8.1. 26. The spinal cord transmits messages to and from the brain True or False

True

8.1. 27. Grey matter is found on the outside of the spinal cord and inside the brain True or False

False outside brain inside spinal cord

8.1. 28. The cell body is found in the centre of the neuroglia True or False

False the soma

8.1. 29. Neuroglia help to provide support and protection for the neurones True or False

True

8.1. 30. Mixed neurones contain sensory and motor nerves True or False

True

8.1. 31. Dendrites transmit nerve impulses towards the cell body True or False

True

8.1. 32. The somatic nervous system is controlled by the hypothalamus True or False

false autonomic nervous system

8.1. 33. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems True or False

True

8.1. 34. The brain stem consists of the pons varolii, midbrain and the medulla oblongata True or False

True

8.1. 35. The pons varolii maintains the balance and equilibrium of the body True or False

False

8.1. 36. Neurilemma is a membrane which surrounds the axon and is found in the brain and spinal cord True or False

False myelin

8.1. 37. Multiple sclerosis occurs when the protective myelin sheath is destroyed True or False

True

8.1. 38. Facial paralysis is the result of bell's palsy True or False

True

8.1. 39. The hypothalamus controls the actions of the heart and lungs True or False

False medulla oblongata

8.1. 40. The olfactory nerve is a sensory nerve of smell True or False

True

8.7. 1. Which one of the following is not a type of neurone? a) Afferent b) Motor c) Mixed d) Axon

8.7. 2. How many pairs of cranial nerves does the somatic nervous system contain? a) 12 b) 17 c) 31 d) 28

8.7. 3. Which one of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum? a) Temporal b) Parietal c) Occipital d) Lacrimal

8.7. 4. Which one of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system? a) Increases heart rate b) Decreases breathing rate c) Increases the volume of circulating blood d) Vasodilation of skeletal blood vessels

8.7. 5. Where is the mitochondria found in a nerve cell? a) Cell body b) Axon c) Nucleus d) Nodes of ranvier

8.7. 6. What part of the brain regulates the pituitary gland? a) Hypothalamus b) Pons varolii c) Cerebellum d) Midbrain

8.7. 7. What plexus supplies the pelvic area? a) Lumbar b) Brachial c) Sacral d) Thoracic

8.7. 8. What part of the brain is found at the back of the cranium? a) Cerebellum b) Cerebrum c) Hypothalamus d) Pons varolii

8.7. 9. Which one of the following is the inner layer of the meninges? a) Dura b) Pia c) Associated d) Arachnoid

8.7. 10. What is the function of the spinal cord? a) It transmits impulses to and from the brain b) It transmits impulses away from the brain c) It transmits impulses to all parts of the body d) It transmits impulses to the nerves of the body

8.7. 11. What disease of the nervous system affects motor system control? a) Cerebral palsy b) Sciatica c) Bell's palsy d) Meningitis

8.7. 12. What part of the nerve fibre contains important organelles? a) Neurilemma b) Cell body c) Nodes of ranvier d) Axon

8.7. 13. What substance is found on the inside of the brain? a) White matter b) Unmyelinated sheath c) Endothelial cells d) Grey matter

8.7. 14. Efferent nerves are another term for; a) Sensory b) Afferent c) Motor d) Mixed

8.7. 15. What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid? a) To transmit messages to the spinal cord b) To supply the brain with oxygen c) To supply nerve impulses to the diaphragm instructing it to contract d) It carries waste substances away from the nerve tissue

8.7. 16. What part of the neurone transmits impulses away from the cell body? a) Myelin sheath b) Axon c) Dendrites d) Synapse

8.7. 17. What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called? a) Dura mater b) Corpus callosum c) Cerebral cortex d) Midbrain

8.7. 18. What part of the brain regulates the autonomic nervous system? a) Hypothalamus b) Midbrain c) Medulla oblongata d) Cerebellum

8.7. 19. What part of the brain controls mental activity? a) Hypothalamus b) Medulla oblongata c) Cerebellum d) Cerebrum

8.7. 20. The point at which nerve impulses pass from one neurone to the next; a) Dendrites b) Nodes of ranvier c) Axon d) Synapse

8.7. 21. Which one of the following is not part of the brain stem? a) Midbrain b) Medulla oblongata c) Hypothalamus d) Pons varolii

8.7. 22. What part of the brain controls vomiting and coughing? a) Hypothalamus b) Medulla oblongata c) Cerebellum d) Cerebrum

8.7. 23. What part of the nervous system do the meninges not protect? a) Sympathetic b) Medulla oblongata c) Pons varolii d) Cerebellum

8.7. 24. Which one of the following is not a cranial nerve of the eye? a) Oculomotor b) Trochlear c) Optic d) Olfactory

8.7. 25. Which one of the following is a continuation of the spinal cord? a) Midbrain b) Pons varolii c) Medulla oblongata d) Hypothalamus

8.7. 26. What is the function of the midbrain? a) It controls the action of the heart b) It controls voluntary movements c) It controls the muscle tone of the body d) It controls visual and auditory systems

8.7. 27. What type of neurones stimulates muscles to produce movement? a) Sensory b) Axon c) Afferent d) Motor

8.7. 28. How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? a) 12 b) 7 c) 5 d) 8

8.7. 29. What is the function of dendrites? a) To protect the axon b) Transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body c) Transmit impulses from the spinal cord to the brain d) Transmit nerve impulses towards the cell body

8.7. 30. Glial cells are another term for; a) Nodes of ranvier b) Neurones c) Neuroglia d) Neurilemma

8.7. 31. What is the corpus callosum? a) Nerve fibres bridging the hemispheres of the cerebellum b) Nerve fibres bridging the hemispheres of the cerebrum c) Nerve fibres bridging the hemispheres of the medulla oblongata d) Nerve fibres bridging the hemispheres of the hypothalamus

8.7. 32. Which one of the following is not controlled by the hypothalamus? a) Appetite b) Regulation of body temperature c) Voluntary movements d) Sleep patterns

8.7. 33. Which one of the following is part of the brain stem? a) Pons varolii b) Hypothalamus c) Cerebral cortex d) Cerebellum

8.7. 34. What part of the nerve cell accelerates the rate at which messages are transmitted? a) Dendrites b) Axon c) Myelin sheath d) Synapse

8.7. 35. What is the function of the medulla oblongata? a) To control swallowing b) To control memory c) To control voluntary movement d) To control appetite

8.7. 36. What is the function of neurones? a) To conduct electrical and chemical impulses throughout the nervous system b) To conduct sensory stimuli across the axon terminal c) To transmit impulses to and from the peripheral nervous system d) To carry messages across the corpus callosum

8.7. 37. What nervous system supplies impulses to smooth muscle? a) Somatic b) Autonomic c) Central d) Nervous

8.7. 38. Which one of the following is not controlled by the cerebellum? a) Balance b) Muscle tone c) Co-ordination of skeletal muscles d) Dilation of blood vessels

8.7. 39. What layer of the meninges is filled with cerebrospinal fluid? a) Pia b) Arachnoid c) Dura d) Fibrous

8.7. 40. The point at which impulses pass from one neurone to the next; a) Axon terminals b) Synapse c) Neurilemma d) Dendrites

Human Anatomy practice questions Flashcards

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