Human Behavior-Birth to 2 Years Flashcards
(85 cards)
What is INFANCY?
birth to 15 months
what is TODDLERHOOD?
15 to 36 months
What does APGAR stand for?
Appearance Pulse Grimace (reflex irritability) Activity (muscle tone) Respiration
What is the MORO reflex?
When the baby throws its limbs out after its head is dropped suddenly (not hurting baby); disappears around 3-4 months
What is the SUCKING reflex?
Baby sucks when area of mouth is touched; for survival; disappears at 3 mo
What is the ROOTING reflex?
occurs when you stroke the baby’s cheek; the infant will turn toward the side that was stroked and begin to make sucking motions with the mouth; for survival; disappears at 3 mo
What is the GRASP reflex?
occurs if you place a finger on the infant’s open palm; the hand will close around the finger; trying to remove the finger causes the grip to tighten; newborn infants have strong grasps and can almost be lifted up if both hands are grasping your fingers; disappears at 2 mo.
What is the CRYING reflex?
normal response to some stimuli, such as pain or hunger; some premature babies do not have this reflex so they should be monitored closely; for survival
What is the TONIC NECK reflex?
occurs when you move the head of a child who is relaxed and lying on his back to the side. The arm on the side where the head is facing reaches straight away from the body with the hand partly open. The arm on the side away from the face is flexed and the fist is clenched tightly. Turning the baby’s face in the other direction reverses the position. The tonic neck position is often described as the fencer’s position because it looks like a fencer’s stance
What is important for early personal-social development?
bonding and skin-to-skin contact
What signals normal motor development?
tracking
What are the 9 characteristics of TEMPERAMENT?
"ADMIRe PIe AS it is" Activity level Distractibility Mood Intensity Regularity
Persistance
Initial Reaction
Adaptability
Sensitivity
What is GOODNESS-OF-FIT parenting?
creating environments that accommodate the baby’s temperaments; must allow baby to play, eat and sleep well
What is John Bowlby’s defining characteristics of “BONDING”?
not for survival; impacts life profoundly
What does ATTACHMENT do?
creates relationship based on critical needs, increasing survival
What gives a baby the sense of security?
available “mother” and response to needs
What are PROXIMITY-SEEKING behaviors?
proximity seeking to an attachment figure (mother, etc.) in the face of threat, for the purpose of survival
What are CONTACT-MAINTAINING behaviors?
baby feels safe when being held and has separation distress; babies without this tend not to cuddle in and look away and may squirm to get down
What was Harlow’s Monkey experiment and what did it prove?
infants placed with a “wire” mother and others with a “cloth” mother; clung to “cloth” mother more and those who clung less to a mother showed atypical behaviors; similar to neglect/abuse, therefore must have love and affection!
What does INFANT ATTACHMENT look like?
vocalizations, interactions, social smiles, becomes increasingly complex as baby grows
What are the 3 ATTACHMENT TYPES of Ainsworth’s “baby reunited” experiments?
- secure
- anxious-avoidant
- anxious-ambivalent
What are the defining characteristics of SECURE ATTACHMENT?
Children: able to separate and then seek comfort from parent, prefers parents to strangers and parent return is met positively
[As adults: have trusting/lasting relationships, good self-esteem, etc.]
What are the 4 components to Piaget’s THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE?
- Adaptation to environment (balance between needs and demands)
- Cognition moves us past action into symbolic thought
- Organization of thoughts into SCHEMES
- Adaptation of schemes into ASSIMILATION or ACCOMMODATION
What is ASSIMILATION according to Piaget?
using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation; example if the baby knows what a “cat” is, he might think another small, 4-legged animal is a “cat”, not a dog
