Human Behavior/Human Development

Question 1

An infant with a small skull, thick neck and protruding tongue is most likely to have:

Answer 1

Down’s syndrome

Question 2

An infant with almond shaped eyes and a head which is disproportionately small is most likely to have:

Answer 2

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 3

Erik Erikson’s life cycle stage associated with the pleasure of attack and conquest is

Answer 3

Initiative vs. guilt

Question 4

In this stage of Erikson’s life cycle, the child is motivated by curiosity and aggression. During this stage, the child seeks to explore the world by taking initiative (ie action). The vulnerability associated with this stage is the sense of guilt with which the child wrestles after taking action.

Answer 4

Initiative vs. guilt

Question 5

At what age does Erikson’s Initiative vs Guilt stage take place?

Answer 5

Ages 3-6

Question 6

The most pervasive and significant indicator of alcoholism is:

Answer 6

Blackouts

Question 7

The most important factor in planning for a child who is separated from the mother is the:

Answer 7

Age and developmental stage

Question 8

Anna Freud is known for:

Answer 8

expanding on the notion of defense mechanisms.

She noted that defense mechanisms are universal and can function to help an individual manage drives. She stated that in and of themselves, defense mechanisms are not pathological. It is only when the cost outweighs the benefits that defense mechanisms become problematic.

Question 9

When does stranger anxiety first appear in children?

Answer 9

At six months old

Question 10

Tofranil and Elavil are a part of which group of medications?

Answer 10

Tricyclics

Question 11

Parnate and Nardil are a part of which group of medications?

Answer 11

MAO inhibitors

Question 12

This technique is used by behavioral therapists primarily to treat clients with anxiety or phobias. The client is helped to confront the anxiety-inducing object at full intensity for prolonged periods of time with the support of the therapist. Taking a client with a fear of heights to the top of a building would provide for this exposure. This technique is called:

Answer 12

Flooding

Question 13

This is a gradual technique designed to reduce the affect associated with particular stimuli:

Answer 13

Desensitization

Question 14

Down’s Syndrome is what kind of condition?

Answer 14

Genetic

Question 15

Thorazine might be used to manage what disorder(s)?

Answer 15

schizophrenia and psychotic disorders

Question 16

Mood stabilizers like Lithium or Depakote might be used to treat what disorder?

Answer 16

Bipolar Disorder

Question 17

What needs make up Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 17

Physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self actualization

Question 18

What term is described by this definition: redirecting the energies of instinctual drives to generally socially and personally positive aims that are more acceptable to the ego and superego.

Answer 18

sublimation

Question 19

The treatment approach in which the client’s dysfunctional behavior is corrected through the use of learning theory is:

Answer 19

Behavioral modification therapy

Learning theory and behavior modification are closely linked because behavior can be explained as the continuous formation of connections among stimuli and responses, mediated by personality, experience, and development. Thus behaviorists argue many behaviors are learned and can be unlearned or replaced by more positive responses.

Question 20

Heinz Hartmann’s contribution to psychoanalytic theory is related to:

Answer 20

The significance of object relations

Heinz Hartmann is known as the father of ego psychology. He suggested that both the id and the ego were present at birth in what he called an undifferentiated matrix.

Question 21

The performance of individuals and social work groups would be expected to improve with

1. Alternating stress and non-stress
2. High stress
3. A lack of stress
4. Slight stress

Answer 21

**The correct answer is 4. **

Change can be motivated by disequilibrium brought on by stressful events or situations, or energy made available by anxiety. Too much stress, of course, often impedes functioning; an absence of stress can leave someone comfortable and not motivated to change. Slight stress can serve a mobilizing function.

Question 22

At what age does Erikson’s Trust vs Mistrust stage take place?

Answer 22

birth to 18 months (infancy)

Question 23

At what age does Erikson’s Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt stage take place?

Answer 23

18 months to three years (toddlerhood)

Question 24

At what age does Erikson’s Industry vs Inferiority stage take place?

Answer 24

6-11

Question 25

At what age does Erikson's Identity vs Role Confusion stage take place?

Answer 25

12-18

Question 26

At what age does Erikson's Intimacy vs Isolation stage take place?

Answer 26

18-40

Question 27

At what age does Erikson's Generativity vs Stagnation stage take place?

Answer 27

40-65

Question 28

At what age does Erikson's Integrity vs Despair stage take place?

Answer 28

65+

Question 29

In assessing an individual’s ego functioning (i.e. memory, judgement, reality testing) one needs to take into account the ________ (and expected developmental achievements) as well as the ________ (so cultural variances can be noted as such and not wrongly attributed to problems with ego development). Capacity for ________ is a measure of ego function, and therefore, it too needs to be evaluated.

Answer 29

age, culture, and reality testing

Question 30

Prolixin is:

Answer 30

an antipsychotic

Question 31

A 40-year-old married man and father of two children has difficulty relating and communicating with his family. He has no difficulty interacting with men on the softball team. This man probably has problems with:

Answer 31

role

Question 32

The one principle that distinguishes Carl Rogers client-centered therapy from all other approaches is:

Answer 32

self-determination

Question 33

A basic ego state characterized by loss of self esteem is:

Answer 33

depression

Question 34

Erikson’s study of child-training systems in primitive societies reveals that:

Answer 34

**Primitive child-training practices as a form of mature human living reflect homogeneity and a simple integrity.** Erikson was very interested in the interplay between cultural norms and expectations, and the physiological and psychological development of the individual. His theory is known as a psychosocial mode, suggesting both social (ie cultural) as well as psychological considerations.

Question 35

What are Piaget's stages of development?

Answer 35

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational

Question 36

At what age does Piaget's sensorimotor stage take place?

Answer 36

birth to 2 years

Question 37

At what age does Piaget's preoperational stage take place?

Answer 37

ages 2 to 7

Question 38

At what age does Piaget's concrete operational stage take place?

Answer 38

ages 7 to 11

Question 39

At what age does Piaget's formal operation stage take place?

Answer 39

ages 12 and up

Question 40

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by the following: Know the world through movements and sensations Learn about the world through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening Learn that things continue to exist even when they cannot be seen (object permanence) Realize that they are separate beings from the people and objects around them Realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world around them

Answer 40

sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)

Question 41

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by the following: Begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects Tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others Getting better with language and thinking, but still tend to think in very concrete terms

Answer 41

preoperational stage (2 to 7 years)

Question 42

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by the following: Begin to think logically about concrete events Begin to understand the concept of conservation; that the amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass, for example Thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete Begin using inductive logic, or reasoning from specific information to a general principle

Answer 42

concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years)

Question 43

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by the following: Begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems Begins to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning Begins to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to specific information

Answer 43

formal operational stage (12 and up)