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HUMAN BIOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 principal types of molecules?

A

WATER 80%
PROTEIN 15%
LIPIDS 2%
CARBOHYDRATES 1%
NUCLEIC ACID 1%

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2
Q

The simplest and the most abundant molecular constituent in the body

A

WATER

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3
Q

80% (molecule) of human substance

A

WATER

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4
Q

Provide some form and shape

A

WATER

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5
Q

Assist in maintaining body temperature

A

WATER

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6
Q

Deliver energy to the target molecules

A

WATER

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7
Q

Contributes to RADIATION effect(type of molecule)

A

WATER

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8
Q

End product of catabolism (+CO↓2)

A

WATER

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9
Q

Enters to some biochemical reaction(molecule type)

A

WATER

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10
Q

Long chain macromolecule (molecule type)

A

PROTEIN

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11
Q

Functions as:
Hormones & Antibodies(molecule type)

A

PROTEIN

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12
Q

It is the metabolic production of proteins

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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13
Q

Used 22 amino acid

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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14
Q

A critical cellular function necessary for survival

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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15
Q

DEPENDENT TO NUCLEIC ACID

A

PROTEIN

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16
Q

Occurs in much more abundance than nucleic acid synthesis

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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17
Q

It is found in cell membrane (molecule type)

A

LIPIDS

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18
Q

Provides fuel for the body by providing energy stores

A

LIPIDS

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19
Q

Thermal insulator from the environment

A

LIPIDS

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20
Q

Can be catabolized into glucose but with great difficulty

A

LIPIDS

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21
Q

Composed of 2 kinds of smaller molecules the glycerol and fatty acids

A

LIPIDS

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22
Q

Lipids is composed of 2 kinds of smaller molecules. What are they?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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23
Q

Type of macromolecule that is present in all tissues of the body

A

LIPIDS

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24
Q

Type of macromolecule Often concentrated just under the skin

A

LIPIDS

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25
Type of macromolecule that Serves as thermal insulator
LIPIDS
26
Also called saccharides (macromolecule type)
CARBOHYDRATES
27
Provides fuel for cell metabolism (molecule type)
CARBOHYDRATES
28
Provides also shape and stability
CARBOHYDRATES
29
A simple sugar (molecule type)
CARBOHYDRATES
30
The ultimate molecules that fuels the body
CARBOHYDRATES
31
The rarest, very complex and very large macromolecule in the body
NUCLEIC ACID
32
Functions: growth and development of the cell
NUCLEIC ACID
33
2 Principals of Nucleic Acid:
DNA & RNA
34
Important to cell metabolism (molecule type)
NUCLEIC ACID
35
The most critical and radiosensitive target molecule
DNA
36
The command center or control molecule for cell function
DNA
37
Concentrated in the nucleus of the cell
DNA
38
Contains all the hereditary information that represents a cell or whole individual (germ cell)
DNA
39
Molecules that are involved in growth and development of a cell (protein synthesis)
RNA
40
2 types of RNA
message RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA)
41
Location of the DNA
NUCLEUS
42
Location of the RNA
CYTOPLASM
43
Sugar component of DNA
DEOXYRIBOSE
44
Sugar component of RNA
RIBOSE
45
Base component of DNA
THYMINE
46
Base component of RNA
URACIL
47
Configuration of DNA
DOUBLE HELIX
48
Configuration of RNA
SINGLE HELIX
49
One of four different nitrogen-containing attached to each deoxyribose molecule
NITROGENOUS ORGANIC BASES
50
four different nitrogen-containing attached to each deoxyribose molecule
Adenine & Guanine (Purines) Thymine & Cytosine (Pyramidines)
51
Its function is to absorb all molecular nutrients through the cell membrane
CELL
52
Purpose: For energy production
CELL
53
The act of a single cell or group of cells to reproduce & multiply in number
CELL PROLIFERATION
54
General Types of Cell Proliferation
SOMATIC CELLS GENETIC/GERM CELLS
55
SOMATIC Cells
MITOSIS
56
Process of somatic cell division wherein a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to parent cell
MITOSIS
57
4 phases of Cell Cycle in Mitosis
INTERPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE
58
The period of growth of the cell between divisions
INTERPHASE
59
The most radiosensitive phase in cell cycle
M PHASE
60
Is the most time variable cell cycle
G1 PHASE
61
DNA Replication occurs in
S Phase
62
Is the next most radiosensitive phase after M PHASE
G1- S phase
63
Is the most radioresistant cell cycle
LATE S PHASE

RADBIOLOGY (2 decks)

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