Human Biology Ch 32

Question 1

Radiation response occurs within minutes or

days after radiation exposure

Answer 1

Early Effect of Radiation

Question 2

Radiation response that is not observe for 6

months or longer after radiation exposure

Answer 2

Late Effect of Radiation

Question 3

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation

on biologic tissue

Answer 3

Radiobiology

Question 4

It determines the character & degree of the

radiation interaction that occurs

Answer 4

Atomic Composition

Question 5

First named the cell as the biologic building

block

Answer 5

Robert Hooke (1665)

Question 6

Accurately described a living cell on the

basis of his microscopic observations

Answer 6

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1673)

Question 7

Showed that cells are the basic functional

units in all plants & animals

Answer 7

Schneider & Schwann (1838)

Question 8

Described the molecular structure of 
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as genetic 
substance of the cell

Answer 8

Watson & Crick (1953)

Question 9

precise mapping of 40,000 human

genes

Answer 9

Human Genope Project (2000)

Question 10

It defines the nature of radiation response

Answer 10

Molecular & Tissue Composition

Question 11

Very large molecules that sometimes consist

of hundreds of thousands of atoms

Answer 11

Macromolecules

Question 12

Life-supporting & contains carbon

Answer 12

Organic Molecule

Question 13

The rarest molecule in the body, The most critical & radiosensitive target
molecule

Answer 13

Nucleic Acid

Question 14

The simplest & the most abundant molecular

constituent in the body

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

Essential for proper metabolism

Answer 15

Trace Elements & Inorganic Salts

Question 16

The state of equilibrium among tissue &

organs

Answer 16

Homeostasis

Question 17

Breaking down into smaller units of

macromolecules

Answer 17

Catabolism

Question 18

The production of large molecules from

small

Answer 18

Anabolism

Question 19

Catabolism & anabolism

Answer 19

Metabolism

Question 20

Long chain macromolecules that consist of a
linear sequence of amino acids connected by
peptide bonds

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

The metabolic production of proteins

Answer 21

Protein Synthesis

Question 22

Molecules that are necessary in small
quantities to allow a biochemical reaction to
continue, even though they do not directly
enter into the reaction

Answer 22

Enzymes

Question 23

Molecules that exercise regulatory control

over some body functions

Answer 23

Hormones

Question 24

A primary defense mechanism of the body

against infection & disease

Answer 24

Antibodies

Question 25

Invasive & infectious agent

Answer 25

Antigen

Question 26

Organic macromolecules composed solely | of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

Answer 26

Lipids

Question 27

First considered to be watered or hydrated | carbons

Answer 27

Carbohydrates

Question 28

A simple sugar, The ultimate molecule that fuels the body

Answer 28

Glucose

Question 29

Ordinary table sugar

Answer 29

Sucrose

Question 30

Plant starches & animal glycogen

Answer 30

Polysaccharides

Question 31

A human polysaccharide, It used only when quantities of the simple sugar (glucose) are inadequate

Answer 31

Glycogen

Question 32

A very large and extremely complex | macromolecules

Answer 32

Nucleic Acids

Question 33

Two principal Nucleic Acids

Answer 33

DNA & RNA

Question 34

It contains all the hereditary information that | represents a cell or whole individual

Answer 34

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 35

The base sugar-phosphate combination

Answer 35

Nucleotide

Question 36

Two Major Structures of Human Cell

Answer 36

Nucleus & Cytoplasm

Question 37

The center of the cell

Answer 37

Nucleus

Question 38

A rounded structure that is attached to the | nuclear membrane

Answer 38

Nucleolus

Question 39

A double-walled structure that at some locations is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 39

Nuclear Membrane

Question 40

The bulk of the cell

Answer 40

Cytoplasm

Question 41

a channel or series or channels that allows the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm

Answer 41

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 42

The engine of the cell

Answer 42

Mitochondria

Question 43

The site of protein synthesis

Answer 43

Ribosomes

Question 44

They contains enzymes capable of digesting cellular fragments & sometimes the cell itself

Answer 44

Lysosomes

Question 45

Absorbs all nutrients through the cell | membrane

Answer 45

Cell Function

Question 46

A critical cellular function necessary for | survival

Answer 46

Protein Synthesis

Question 47

It identifies one of the 22 amino acids | available for protein synthesis

Answer 47

Codon

Question 48

The act of a single cell or group of cells to | reproduce & multiply in number

Answer 48

Cell Proliferation

Question 49

Two General Types of Cells in the Human Body

Answer 49

Genetic/Germ Cell & Somatic Cell

Question 50

Process of somatic cell division wherein a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to the parent cell

Answer 50

Mitosis

Question 51

4 subphases of Mitosis

Answer 51

prophase, metaphase, anaphase & telophase (PMAT)

Question 52

Two Phases of the Cell Cycle

Answer 52

Metaphase & Interphase

Question 53

The period of growth of the cell between | divisions

Answer 53

Interphase

Question 54

Four Phases of the Cell Cycle

Answer 54

M, G1, S & G2

Question 55

Pre-DNA synthesis phase

Answer 55

G1 Phase

Question 56

The DNA-synthesis phase

Answer 56

S Phase

Question 57

 The post-DNA synthesis gap of the cell | growth

Answer 57

G2 Phase

Question 58

The nucleus swells

Answer 58

Prophase

Question 59

Radiation-induced chromosome damage is | analyzed during...

Answer 59

Metaphase

Question 60

appear & lined up along the equator of the nucleus

Answer 60

Metaphase

Question 61

New chromosome migrates toward | the spindle

Answer 61

Anaphase

Question 62

The final segment of mitosis

Answer 62

Telophase

Question 63

The process whereby genetic cells undergo | reduction division

Answer 63

Meiosis

Question 64

Process that occurs during meiosis wherein | chromatids exchange chromosomal material

Answer 64

Crossover

Question 65

Collection of cells of similar structure & | function

Answer 65

Tissue

Question 66

Collection of tissues of similar structure & | function

Answer 66

Organs

Question 67

Combination of tissues & organs that forms | an overall integrated organization

Answer 67

Organ System

Question 68

Undifferentiated cells, precursor cells or | stem cells

Answer 68

Immature Cells

Question 69

Types of Tissues

Answer 69

Epithelium, Connective & Supporting, | Muscle & Nervous

Question 70

The covering tissue, It lines all the exposed surfaces of the body, both exterior & interior

Answer 70

Epithelium

Question 71

It binds tissue & organs together

Answer 71

Connective & Supporting Tissue

Question 72

A special type of tissue that can contract

Answer 72

Muscle Tissue

Question 73

The avenue by which electrical impulses are transmitted throughout the body for control & response

Answer 73

Nervous Tissue

Question 74

Part of an organ that contains tissues | representative of that particular organ

Answer 74

Parenchymal

Question 75

Part of an organ that is composed of | connective tissue & vasculature

Answer 75

Stromal