Human Biology Chapter 3

Question 1

Plasma membranes are composed primarily of

Answer 1

proteins and phospholipids

Question 2

The diffusion of water through a membrane describes the process of ____

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

A lipid-soluble molecule, such as a steroid is most likely to enter a membrane by

Answer 3

passing through the phospholipid layer

Question 4

the process that transports molecules against a concentration gradient using ATP and a carrier is

Answer 4

active transport

Question 5

which process does not require a membrane?

Answer 5

simple diffusion

Question 6

what would happen and why if blood cells are places in a solution of distilled water(100 percent water)

Answer 6

the cells would swell because they are the hypotonic solution

Question 7

which cell organelles contain cristae?

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

which of the following do cilia and flagella not have in common?

• both move substances
• both can be used for locomotion
• both propel a sperm cell
• both are extensions of the cell membrand

Answer 8

both propel a sperm cell

Question 9

which of the following is a monosaccharide

• fructose
• sucrose
• cellulose
• startch

Answer 9

fructose

Question 10

which of the following is a disaccharide

• sucrose
• glucose
• cellulose
• ribose

Answer 10

sucrose

Question 11

which molecule is not a carbohydrate

• fructose
• sucrose
• glycogen
• trigeride

Answer 11

triglyceride

Question 12

the basic components of cell membranes are ____

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

starch and glycogen are examples of ____

Answer 13

polysaccharides

Question 14

the organelle that makes proteins

Answer 14

ribosome

Question 15

which of the following is a protein

• starch
• glucose
• cholesterol
• keratin

Answer 15

keratin

Question 16

the function of protein is directly related to its

Answer 16

three-dimensional structure

Question 17

how many different amino acids are available to cells to make proteins?

Answer 17

20

Question 18

the primary structure of a protein is its

Answer 18

sequence of amino acids

Question 19

which of the following is a structural protein

• collagen
• hemoglobin
• pepsin
• insulin

Answer 19

collagen

Question 20

ATP is important in cell function because it

Answer 20

stores energy

Question 21

what type of microscopes can magnify objects from 100 to 400 times?

Answer 21

light

Question 22

the ___ of the cell contains the ____ information that regulates structure and function

Answer 22

nucleus; genetic

Question 23

the network of protein tubules in the cytoplasm of the cell is called the _____

Answer 23

cytoskeleton

Question 24

The cytoplasm binds to organelles and ____, protein molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 24

enzymes

Question 25

___ pathways are reactions in the cell that occur as parts of larger pathways

Answer 25

metabolic

Question 26

the plasma membrane consists of a ____ layer of lipid, mostly _____

Answer 26

double; phospholipids

Question 27

Proteins in the membrane that can be embedded in the lipid layer of the membrane are called

Answer 27

integral

Question 28

the control center of the cell

Answer 28

nucleus

Question 29

a protein that has carbohydrate units attached to it is called

Answer 29

glycoprotein

Question 30

the movement of water across the plasma membrane from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration is called

Answer 30

diffusion

Question 31

the movement of molecules through a membrane using carriers, but not expending energy, is called

Answer 31

facilitated diffusion

Question 32

facilitated diffusion requires a ____ protein in the membrane to shuttle molecules and ions from one side to the other down a concentration gradient

Answer 32

carrier protein

Question 33

the endocytic process by which cells can engulf bacteria is called

Answer 33

phagocytosis

Question 34

water moves across membranes through pores. it is driven by concentration differences. the driving force is called _____ pressure

Answer 34

osmotic pressure

Question 35

when the concentration of solutes in a fluid is the same as that of a cell, the fluid is said to be _____

Answer 35

isotonic

Question 36

when the fluid has a solute concentration lower than the cells cytoplasm, the fluid is said to be _____

Answer 36

hypotonic

Question 37

dropping cells into a hypotonic solution will cause them to ______

Answer 37

swelll

Question 38

the double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the _____

Answer 38

nuclear envelope

Question 39

small openings in the nuclear envelope are called _____

Answer 39

nuclear pores

Question 40

strands of DNA in the nucleus of a cell with their associated protein are called _____

Answer 40

chromatin

Question 41

chromatin condenses before cell division to produce dark-staining bodies called ____

Answer 41

chromosomes

Question 42

the cell organelle that produces ribosomal RNA is the ____

Answer 42

nucleolus

Question 43

if two solutions have the same solute concentrations, they are said to be ______

Answer 43

isotonic to each other

Question 44

the cell organelle that destroys bacteria after their ingestion is the ____

Answer 44

lysosome

Question 45

the movement of water through a membrane from a region of high concentration of water to one of low concentration is called ____

Answer 45

osmosis

Question 46

a sperm moves with the aid of a whip-like organelle called _____

Answer 46

flagellum

Question 47

the ____ is an organelle with the greatest energy production in a cell

Answer 47

mitochondrion

Question 48

protein for extracellular use and digestive enzymes found in lysosomes are produced on the _____. the instructions for these proteins come from the nucleus in the form of ____ molecules

Answer 48

rough ER; messenger RNA

Question 49

secretory vesicles are packages of protein and other cellular products. secretory vesicles are produces by the ____ ______

Answer 49

golgi complex

Question 50

the motive force is created by microtubules arranged as ____ pairs surrounding a central doublet. this is the ___ arrangement

Answer 50

nine; nine plus two

Question 51

small motile projections on the cells lining much of the respiratory tract are called _____

Answer 51

cilia

Question 52

the chemical breakdown of glucose is called ___ ____

Answer 52

cellular respiration

Question 53

the first step in cellular respiration is known as ____ which occurs in the ______

Answer 53

glycolysis; cytoplasm

Question 54

the smaller subunits that bond together to form a protein

Answer 54

amino acids

Question 55

the electron transport system is the major source to produce _____, the cells chief energy currency

Answer 55

ATP

Question 56

the main product of the citric acid cycle is high-energy ____, which are picked up by two molecules, FADH2 and ______

Answer 56

electrons; NADH

Question 57

in the absence of oxygen, muscle cells produce energy by a process called

Answer 57

fementation

Question 58

in humans, in the absence of oxygen, muscle cells produce _____

Answer 58

lactic acid

Question 59

name two polysaccharides

Answer 59

starch and glycogen

Question 60

the sequence of amino acids in the structure of a protein is called _____

Answer 60

primary structure

Question 61

there are ____ levels of protein structure

Answer 61

four