Human body and orientation Flashcards
(57 cards)
“Structure is suited to function” means
How something is arragned allows it to perform a specific job
“Structure is suited to function” realted to physiology
Yes, because anatomy is to structure as physiology is to function.
Gross anatomy
Gross (large) is based on observation of structure w/ maked eye
Microscopic anantomy
Requires a microscope to magnify the structure to be observed
Anatomy
Study of structure & shape of the cells. tissues, organs & organ systems that make up the body
Physiology
Study of how the body & its parts work to function. “Structure is suited to function of organ”
Organismal Level & example
Human organisms made up of many organ systems
Life form and all the systems (organs, tissues, cells & molecules)
Example; Human
Organs System Level & example
Work togeather to perform specific & vital functions within the body
Example; Digestive, urinanry, muscular, reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, skeletal & integumentary
Organ Level & example
Different tissues work togeather to perform particular functions (two or more tissues)
Example; all tissues work togeather to form an organ like stomach. Bladder, inner lining of epithelial tissue, bound by various connective tissues to (smooth) muscle
Tissues level & example
Simiular cells work togeather to carry out particular functions.
4 basic tissue types: Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues.
Epithelial Tissue
Covers the body surface and lines body cavities
Muscle tissues
Provide movement. Contracts and relaxes
Connective tissue
Tissues supports and protects body organs
Nervous Tissue
Rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses
Cellular level & example
Smalles units have characteristics of life. Body has 100 trillion cells. Each cell made of membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm that houses the organelles that required for cells to function properly.
Example; Bone cells , nerve cells, blood cells & etc.
11 Organ systems of Human body
- Integumentary System
- Skeletal System
- Muscular System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Cardiovascular System
- Lymphatic/ Immune System
- Respiratoy System
- Digestive System
- Urinary System
- Reproductive System
Integumentary System
Largest organ (Skin)
Waterproofs, cutions and protects the body.
Produces vitamin D w/ sunlight, regulates body temperature
Organs; Hair, fingernails, skin
Muscular System
Movement, locomotion (move place to place), facial expressions, maintain posture. Produce movement of bones, produce heat
Organs; skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles
Skeletal System
Muscles attached for movement, prtects vital organs, stores minerals, site of blood cell formation. Adults 206 bones & babies 300 bones
Organs: cartilages, joints, bones
Nervous System
Voluntary/ Involuntary actions. Fast- acting control system.
Messages sent to central nervous system. Assesses info & activates effectors (muscles& glands)
Organs: brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord, nerves
Endocrine System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes as growth, reproduction & nutrients use by body cells
Organs: pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, andrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovary
Cardiovascular System
Blood carries gasses like oxygen & remove CO2, carries nutrients, hormones. Contains white blood cells (WBC) & chemicals to protect from forgeign invades.
Heart pumping machine transport blood around. Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from heart. Vein carry blood back to heart. Capillaries tiny blood vessels throughtout body.
Organ: Veins, heart, arteries, capillaries
Lymphatic System
Picks up leaked blood vessels returns to blood. Lymph nodes & other lymphoid organs cleanes the blood. Houses WBC, involved in immunity
Organ: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes & lymphoid organs
Respiratory System
Gases exchanged w/ blood through air scans in lungs. Supplies body w/ oxygen & removes carbon dioxide CO2
Organs: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
